Filters

2012 - 20164

More filters

2020 - 20224
Reset filters

Settings

Subject: Hydrogen bonds × WGL Institute: LIKAT ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Crystal structure of (1S,2R,4S)-1-[(morpholin-4-yl)-methyl]-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,2-diol
    (Chester : International Union of Crystallography, 2015) Outouch, Rachid; Oubaassine, Saadia; Ali, Mustapha Ait; El Firdoussi, Larbi; Spannenberg, Anke
    The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H25NO3, contains two independent mol­ecules with similar geometry. The morpholine and cyclo­hexane rings of both mol­ecules adopt a chair conformation. Intra­molecular O-H...N hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O-H...O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to the [101] direction. The chains are further connected through C-H...O hydrogen bonds forming undulating layers parallel to the (-101) plane. The absolute configuration was assigned by reference to an unchanging chiral centre in the synthetic procedure.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Contrasting Character of Early and Late Transition Metal Fluorides as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
    (Washington, DC : ACS Publications, 2015) Smith, Dan A.; Beweries, Torsten; Blasius, Clemens; Jasim, Naseralla; Nazir, Ruqia; Nazir, Sadia; Robertson, Craig C.; Whitwood, Adrian C.; Hunter, Christopher A.; Brammer, Lee; Perutz, Robin N.
    The association constants and enthalpies for the binding of hydrogen bond donors to group 10 transition metal complexes featuring a single fluoride ligand (trans-[Ni(F)(2-C5NF4)(PR3)2], R = Et 1a, Cy 1b, trans-[Pd(F)(4-C5NF4)(PCy3)2] 2, trans-[Pt(F){2-C5NF2H(CF3)}(PCy3)2] 3 and of group 4 difluorides (Cp2MF2, M = Ti 4a, Zr 5a, Hf 6a; Cp*2MF2, M = Ti 4b, Zr 5b, Hf 6b) are reported. These measurements allow placement of these fluoride ligands on the scales of organic H-bond acceptor strength. The H-bond acceptor capability β (Hunter scale) for the group 10 metal fluorides is far greater (1a 12.1, 1b 9.7, 2 11.6, 3 11.0) than that for group 4 metal fluorides (4a 5.8, 5a 4.7, 6a 4.7, 4b 6.9, 5b 5.6, 6b 5.4), demonstrating that the group 10 fluorides are comparable to the strongest organic H-bond acceptors, such as Me3NO, whereas group 4 fluorides fall in the same range as N-bases aniline through pyridine. Additionally, the measurement of the binding enthalpy of 4-fluorophenol to 1a in carbon tetrachloride (−23.5 ± 0.3 kJ mol–1) interlocks our study with Laurence’s scale of H-bond basicity of organic molecules. The much greater polarity of group 10 metal fluorides than that of the group 4 metal fluorides is consistent with the importance of pπ–dπ bonding in the latter. The polarity of the group 10 metal fluorides indicates their potential as building blocks for hydrogen-bonded assemblies. The synthesis of trans-[Ni(F){2-C5NF3(NH2)}(PEt3)2], which exhibits an extended chain structure assembled by hydrogen bonds between the amine and metal-fluoride groups, confirms this hypothesis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Hydrogen bonding in ionic liquids probed by linear and nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy
    (Bristol : IOP, 2012) Roth, C.; Chatzipapadopoulos, S.; Kerlé, D.; Friedriszik, F.; Lütgens, M.; Lochbrunner, S.; Kühn, O.; Ludwig, R.
    Three imidazolium-based ionic liquids of the type [Cnmim] [NTf2] with different alkyl chain lengths (n = 1, 2 and 8) at the first position of the imidazolium ring were studied applying infrared, linear Raman and multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy. The focus has been on the CH-stretching region of the imidazolium ring, which is supposed to carry information about a possible hydrogen bonding network in the ionic liquid. The measurements are compared with calculations of the corresponding anharmonic vibrational spectra for a cluster of [C 2mim][NTf2] consisting of four ion pairs. The results support the hypothesis of weak hydrogen bonding involving the C(4)-H and C(5)-H groups and somewhat stronger hydrogen bonds of the C(2)-H groups.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Gas hydrates model for the mechanistic investigation of the Wittig reaction “on water”
    (London : RSC Publishing, 2016) Ayub, Khurshid; Ludwig, Ralf
    Theoretical mechanistic details for “on water” Wittig reaction of a stabilized ylide with benzaldehyde are presented and compared with a similar reaction under neat conditions. A gas hydrate structure consisting of 20 water molecules has been applied as a water surface for the reaction. The model is chosen to capture non-bonding interactions over a larger area in order to better account for the “on water” effect. The calculated acceleration for the cis-selective Wittig reaction is more than that for the trans-selective Wittig reaction. The “on water” acceleration for the Wittig reaction is due to greater number of non-bonding interactions in the transition state, compared to the starting material. The greater acceleration for the cis-selective Wittig over the trans-selective Wittig has been rationalized on the basis of non-bonding interactions in addition to hydrogen bonding. Besides accelerating the reaction, water also affects the pathway for the reaction. Decomposition of cisOP2 to alkene is estimated as a barrierless process. Moreover OP2 is more stable than OP1 for both cis and trans-selective Wittig reactions, opposite to what is observed for the neat reaction.