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Subject: Microplastic ×

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    Analysis of microplastics in drinking water and other clean water samples with micro-Raman and micro-infrared spectroscopy: minimum requirements and best practice guidelines
    (Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2021) Schymanski, Darena; Oßmann, Barbara E.; Benismail, Nizar; Boukerma, Kada; Dallmann, Gerald; von der Esch, Elisabeth; Fischer, Dieter; Fischer, Franziska; Gilliland, Douglas; Glas, Karl; Hofmann, Thomas; Käppler, Andrea; Lacorte, Sílvia; Marco, Julie; Rakwe, Maria El; Weisser, Jana; Witzig, Cordula; Zumbülte, Nicole; Ivleva, Natalia P.
    Microplastics are a widespread contaminant found not only in various natural habitats but also in drinking waters. With spectroscopic methods, the polymer type, number, size, and size distribution as well as the shape of microplastic particles in waters can be determined, which is of great relevance to toxicological studies. Methods used in studies so far show a huge diversity regarding experimental setups and often a lack of certain quality assurance aspects. To overcome these problems, this critical review and consensus paper of 12 European analytical laboratories and institutions, dealing with microplastic particle identification and quantification with spectroscopic methods, gives guidance toward harmonized microplastic particle analysis in clean waters. The aims of this paper are to (i) improve the reliability of microplastic analysis, (ii) facilitate and improve the planning of sample preparation and microplastic detection, and (iii) provide a better understanding regarding the evaluation of already existing studies. With these aims, we hope to make an important step toward harmonization of microplastic particle analysis in clean water samples and, thus, allow the comparability of results obtained in different studies by using similar or harmonized methods. Clean water samples, for the purpose of this paper, are considered to comprise all water samples with low matrix content, in particular drinking, tap, and bottled water, but also other water types such as clean freshwater.
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    Real-time stimulated Raman spectroscopy with a non-collinear optical parametric oscillator
    (Washington, DC : Soc., 2021) Beichert, Luise; Binhammer, Yuliya; Andrade, José R. C.; Mevert, Robin; Kniggendorf, Ann-Kathrin; Roth, Bernhard; Morgner, Uwe
    Ultrafast detection of microplastic particles is becoming a vital problem, as these particles are found in water sources worldwide. Ideally, a live analysis in flow is desirable to directly monitor the water quality for contaminations. Therefore, coherent Raman spectroscopy techniques require fast and broadband tunable lasers to address all relevant spectral regions of the investigated samples. In our work, we combine a high power non-collinear optical parametric oscillator with a real-time stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy setup. The light source is continously tunable from 700 nm to 1030 nm in less than 10 ms, delivering an average output power of more than 500 mW with sub-ps pulses. We show the immediate observation of mixing processes and the detection of microplastic particles in water solution with a spectral window of more than 2000 cm-1.