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- ItemNanowire-supported plasmonic waveguide for remote excitation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(London : Nature Publishing Group, 2014) Huang, Y.; Fang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, L.; Sun, M.Due to its amazing ability to manipulate light at the nanoscale, plasmonics has become one of the most interesting topics in the field of light-matter interaction. As a promising application of plasmonics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely used in scientific investigations and material analysis. The large enhanced Raman signals are mainly caused by the extremely enhanced electromagnetic field that results from localized surface plasmon polaritons. Recently, a novel SERS technology called remote SERS has been reported, combining both localized surface plasmon polaritons and propagating surface plasmon polaritons (PSPPs, or called plasmonic waveguide), which may be found in prominent applications in special circumstances compared to traditional local SERS. In this article, we review the mechanism of remote SERS and its development since it was first reported in 2009. Various remote metal systems based on plasmonic waveguides, such as nanoparticle-nanowire systems, single nanowire systems, crossed nanowire systems and nanowire dimer systems, are introduced, and recent novel applications, such as sensors, plasmon-driven surface-catalyzed reactions and Raman optical activity, are also presented. Furthermore, studies of remote SERS in dielectric and organic systems based on dielectric waveguides remind us that this useful technology has additional, tremendous application prospects that have not been realized in metal systems.
- ItemWafer-level uniformity of atomic-layer-deposited niobium nitride thin films for quantum devices(New York, NY : Inst., 2021) Knehr, Emanuel; Ziegler, Mario; Linzen, Sven; Ilin, Konstantin; Schanz, Patrick; Plentz, Jonathan; Diegel, Marco; Schmidt, Heidemarie; Il’iche, Evgeni; Siegel, MichaelSuperconducting niobium nitride thin films are used for a variety of photon detectors, quantum devices, and superconducting electronics. Most of these applications require highly uniform films, for instance, when moving from single-pixel detectors to arrays with a large active area. Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) of superconducting niobium nitride is a feasible option to produce high-quality, conformal thin films and has been demonstrated as a film deposition method to fabricate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors before. Here, we explore the property spread of ALD-NbN across a 6-in. wafer area. Over the equivalent area of a 2-in. wafer, we measure a maximum deviation of 1% in critical temperature and 12% in switching current. Toward larger areas, structural characterizations indicate that changes in the crystal structure seem to be the limiting factor rather than film composition or impurities. The results show that ALD is suited to fabricate NbN thin films as a material for large-area detector arrays and for new detector designs and devices requiring uniform superconducting thin films with precise thickness control.
- ItemNanoparticles prepared from porous silicon nanowires for bio-imaging and sonodynamic therapy(New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer, 2014) Osminkina, L.A.; Sivakov, V.A.; Mysov, G.A.; Georgobiani, V.A.; Natashina, U.А.; Talkenberg, F.; Solovyev, V.V.; Kudryavtsev, A.A.; Timoshenko, V.Y.Evaluation of cytotoxicity, photoluminescence, bio-imaging, and sonosensitizing properties of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) prepared by ultrasound grinding of porous silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been investigated. SiNWs were formed by metal (silver)-assisted wet chemical etching of heavily boron-doped (100)-oriented single crystalline silicon wafers. The prepared SiNWs and aqueous suspensions of SiNPs exhibit efficient room temperature photoluminescence (PL) in the spectral region of 600 to 1,000 nm that is explained by the radiative recombination of excitons confined in small silicon nanocrystals, from which SiNWs and SiNPs consist of. On the one hand, in vitro studies have demonstrated low cytotoxicity of SiNPs and possibilities of their bio-imaging applications. On the other hand, it has been found that SiNPs can act as efficient sensitizers of ultrasound-induced suppression of the viability of Hep-2 cancer cells.
- ItemOptical properties of silicon nanowire arrays formed by metal-assisted chemical etching: Evidences for light localization effect(New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer, 2012) Osminkina, L.A.; Gonchar, K.A.; Marshov, V.S.; Bunkov, K.V.; Petrov, D.V.; Golovan, L.A.; Talkenberg, F.; Sivakov, V.A.; Timoshenko, V.Y.We study the structure and optical properties of arrays of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with a mean diameter of approximately 100 nm and length of about 1-25 μm formed on crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrates by using metal-assisted chemical etching in hydrofluoric acid solutions. In the middle infrared spectral region, the reflectance and transmittance of the formed SiNW arrays can be described in the framework of an effective medium with the effective refractive index of about 1.3 (porosity, approximately 75%), while a strong light scattering for wavelength of 0.3 ÷ 1 μm results in a decrease of the total reflectance of 1%-5%, which cannot be described in the effective medium approximation. The Raman scattering intensity under excitation at approximately 1 μm increases strongly in the sample with SiNWs in comparison with that in c-Si substrate. This effect is related to an increase of the light-matter interaction time due to the strong scattering of the excitation light in SiNW array. The prepared SiNWs are discussed as a kind of 'black silicon', which can be formed in a large scale and can be used for photonic applications as well as in molecular sensing.
- ItemLinear and non-linear optical imaging of cancer cells with silicon nanoparticles(Basel : Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), 2016) Tolstik, Elen; Osminkina, Liubov A.; Akimov, Denis; Gongalsky, Maksim B.; Kudryavtsev, Andrew A.; Timoshenko, Victor Yu.; Heintzmann, Rainer; Sivakov, Vladimir; Popp, JürgenNew approaches for visualisation of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in cancer cells are realised by means of the linear and nonlinear optics in vitro. Aqueous colloidal solutions of SiNPs with sizes of about 10–40 nm obtained by ultrasound grinding of silicon nanowires were introduced into breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cell line). Further, the time-varying nanoparticles enclosed in cell structures were visualised by high-resolution structured illumination microscopy (HR-SIM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the nonlinear optical methods of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) with infrared laser excitation were applied to study the localisation of SiNPs in cells. Advantages of the nonlinear methods, such as rapid imaging, which prevents cells from overheating and larger penetration depth compared to the single-photon excited HR-SIM, are discussed. The obtained results reveal new perspectives of the multimodal visualisation and precise detection of the uptake of biodegradable non-toxic SiNPs by cancer cells and they are discussed in view of future applications for the optical diagnostics of cancer tumours.
- ItemThermally induced evolution of the structure and optical properties of silicon nanowires(Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier, 2020) Mussabek, Gauhar; Lysenko, Vladimir; Yermukhamed, Dana; Sivakov, Vladimir; Yu. Timoshenko, VictorIn the present paper, we report on the investigation of thermal annealing (TA) effect on structural and optical properties of crystalline silicon nanowires produced by metal-assisted chemical etching approach. In particular, the impact of TA on nanowire length, relative volume and size distribution of voids is described in terms of Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory considering the TA induced Oswald ripening in the SiNW arrays. It was also found that TA leads to a decrease of the SiNWs total reflection in the wide UV–VIS-IR spectral range. The reported effects can be used for tuning of crystalline SiNWs arrays in view of their further applications in photonics related fields. © 2020 The Authors