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Subject: Networks ×

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    Acoustically driven arrayed waveguide grating
    (Washington, DC : Optical Society of America, 2015) Crespo-Poveda, A.; Hernández-Mínguez, A.; Gargallo, B.; Biermann, K.; Tahraoui, A.; Santos, P.V.; Muñoz, P.; Cantarero, A.; de Lima, M.M.
    We demonstrate compact tunable phased-array wavelength-division multiplexers driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the low GHz range. The devices comprise two couplers, which respectively split and combine the optical signal, linked by an array of single-mode waveguides (WGs). Two different layouts are presented, in which multi-mode interference couplers or free propagating regions were separately employed as couplers. The multiplexers operate on five equally distributed wavelength channels, with a spectral separation of 2 nm. A standing SAW modulates the refractive index of the arrayed WGs. Each wavelength component periodically switches paths between the output channel previously asigned by the design and the adjacent channels, at a fixed applied acoustic power. The devices were monolithically fabricated on (Al,Ga)As. A good agreement between theory and experiment is achieved.
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    How Clusters Create Shared Value in Rural Areas: An Examination of Six Case Studies
    (Basel : MDPI, 2021) Martinidis, George; Adamseged, Muluken Elias; Dyjakon, Arkadiusz; Fallas, Yannis; Foutri, Angeliki; Grundmann, Philipp; Hamann, Karen; Minta, Stanislaw; Ntavos, Nikolaos; Råberg, Tora; Russo, Silvia; Viaggi, Davide
    The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate that clusters can support the sustainable development of rural areas through the creation of shared value. This is done via the close exam-ination of six different cases of rural clusters in Greece, Italy, Germany, Poland, Denmark, and Sweden. Qualitative as well as quantitative data were taken from the clusters, which demonstrated that their main business approaches naturally coincided with the creation of economic, social, and environmental benefits for the local communities in which they operated. The case clusters were created in a top-down manner, aimed at boosting regional R&D activities and making the local economy more competitive and more sustainable. However, private initiative took over and al-lowed these clusters to flourish because meeting the regions’ economic, social, and environmental needs successfully coincided with the target of the clusters’ own development and profitability. The results show that clusters, with their potential for shared value creation, can constitute a powerful engine for the revitalisation and development of rural areas, addressing the significant challenges which they are currently facing.