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- ItemPodosome-Driven Defect Development in Lamellar Bone under the Conditions of Senile Osteoporosis Observed at the Nanometer Scale(Washington, DC : ACS Publications, 2021) Simon, Paul; Pompe, Wolfgang; Bobeth, Manfred; Worch, Hartmut; Kniep, Rüdiger; Formanek, Petr; Hild, Anne; Wenisch, Sabine; Sturm, ElenaThe degradation mechanism of human trabecular bone harvested from the central part of the femoral head of a patient with a fragility fracture of the femoral neck under conditions of senile osteoporosis was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. As evidenced by light microscopy, there is a disturbance of bone metabolism leading to severe and irreparable damages to the bone structure. These defects are evoked by osteoclasts and thus podosome activity. Podosomes create typical pit marks and holes of about 300-400 nm in diameter on the bone surface. Detailed analysis of the stress field caused by the podosomes in the extracellular bone matrix was performed. The calculations yielded maximum stress in the range of few megapascals resulting in formation of microcracks around the podosomes. Disintegration of hydroxyapatite and free lying collagen fibrils were observed at the edges of the plywood structure of the bone lamella. At the ultimate state, the disintegration of the mineralized collagen fibrils to a gelatinous matrix comes along with a delamination of the apatite nanoplatelets resulting in a brittle, porous bone structure. The nanoplatelets aggregate to big hydroxyapatite plates with a size of up to 10 x 20 μm2. The enhanced plate growth can be explained by the interaction of two mechanisms in the ruffled border zone: the accumulation of delaminated hydroxyapatite nanoplatelets near clusters of podosomes and the accelerated nucleation and random growth of HAP nanoplatelets due to a nonsufficient concentration of process-directing carboxylated osteocalcin cOC. © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
- ItemRelations between Structure, Activity and Stability in C3N4 Based Photocatalysts Used for Solar Hydrogen Production(Basel : MDPI, 2018-1-29) Sivasankaran, Ramesh P.; Rockstroh, Nils; Hollmann, Dirk; Kreyenschulte, Carsten R.; Agostini, Giovanni; Lund, Henrik; Acharjya, Amitava; Rabeah, Jabor; Bentrup, Ursula; Junge, Henrik; Thomas, Arne; Brückner, AngelikaSolar hydrogen production from water could be a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil energy carriers, yet so far photocatalysts active and stable enough for large-scale applications are not available, calling for advanced research efforts. In this work, H2 evolution rates of up to 1968 and 5188 μmol h−1 g−1 were obtained from aqueous solutions of triethanolamine (TEOA) and oxalic acid (OA), respectively, by irradiating composites of AgIn5S8 (AIS), mesoporous C3N4 (CN, surface area >150 m2/g) and ≤2 wt.% in-situ photodeposited Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with UV-vis (≥300 nm) and pure visible light (≥420 nm). Structural properties and electron transport in these materials were analyzed by XRD, STEM-HAADF, XPS, UV-vis-DRS, ATR-IR, photoluminescence and in situ-EPR spectroscopy. Initial H2 formation rates were highest for Pt/CN, yet with TEOA this catalyst deactivated by inclusion of Pt NPs in the matrix of CN (most pronounced at λ ≥ 300 nm) while it remained active with OA, since in this case Pt NPs were enriched on the outermost surface of CN. In Pt/AIS-CN catalysts, Pt NPs were preferentially deposited on the surface of the AIS phase which prevents them from inclusion in the CN phase but reduces simultaneously the initial H2 evolution rate. This suggests that AIS hinders transport of separated electrons from the CN conduction band to Pt NPs but retains the latter accessible by protons to produce H2.
- ItemInfluence of substrate dimensionality on the growth mode of epitaxial 3D-bonded GeTe thin films: From 3D to 2D growth(Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 2019) Hilmi, Isom; Lotnyk, Andriy; Gerlach, Jürgen W.; Schumacher, Philipp; Rauschenbach, BerndThe pseudo-binary line of Sb2Te3-GeTe contains alloys featuring different crystalline characteristics from two-dimensionally (2D-) bonded Sb2Te3 to three-dimensionally (3D-) bonded GeTe. Here, the growth scenario of 3D-bonded GeTe is investigated by depositing epitaxial GeTe thin films on Si(111) and Sb2Te3-buffered Si(111) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). GeTe thin films were grown in trigonal structure within a temperature window for epitaxial growth of 210–270 °C on unbuffered Si(111) substrates. An unconventional growth onset was characterized by the formation of a thin amorphous GeTe layer. Nonetheless, the as-grown film is found to be crystalline. Furthermore, by employing a 2D-bonded Sb2Te3 thin film as a seeding layer on Si(111), a 2D growth of GeTe is harnessed. The epitaxial window can substantially be extended especially towards lower temperatures down to 145 °C. Additionally, the surface quality is significantly improved. The inspection of the local structure of the epitaxial films reveals the presence of a superposition of twinned domains, which is assumed to be an intrinsic feature of such thin films. This work might open a way for an improvement of an epitaxy of a 3D-bonded material on a highly-mismatched substrate (e.g. Si (111)) by employing a 2D-bonded seeding layer (e.g. Sb2Te3).
- ItemAnalyses and localization of pectin-like carbohydrates in cell wall and mucilage of the green alga Netrium digitus(Wien [u.a.] : Springer, 2010) Eder, M.; Lütz-Meindl, U.The unicellular, simply shaped desmid Netrium digitus inhabiting acid bog ponds grows in two phases. Prior to division, the cell elongates at its central zone, whereas in a second phase, polar tip growth occurs. Electron microscopy demonstrates that Netrium is surrounded by a morphologically homogeneous cell wall, which lacks pores. Immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses give insight into physical wall properties and, thus, into adaptation to the extreme environment. The monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7 directed against pectic epitopes with different degrees of esterification label preferentially growing wall zones in Netrium. In contrast, 2F4 marks the cell wall only after experimental de-esterification. Electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals Ca-binding capacities of pectins and gives indirect evidence for the degree of their esterification. An antibody raised against Netrium mucilage is not only specific to mucilage but also recognizes wall components in transmission electron microscopy and dot blots. These results indicate a smooth transition between mucilage and the cell wall in Netrium. © 2009 The Author(s).
- ItemEquilibrium shapes of poly-crystalline silicon nanodots(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2013) Korzec, Maciek D.; Roczen, Maurizio; Schade, Martin; Wagner, Barbara; Rech, BerndThis study is concerned with the topography of nanostructures consisting of arrays of poly-crystalline nanodots. Guided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements of crystalline Si (c-Si) nanodots that evolved from a dewetting process of an amorphous Si (a-Si) layer from a SiO2 coated substrate, we investigate appropriate formulations for the surface energy density and transitions of energy density states at grain boundaries. We introduce a new numerical minimization formulation that allows to account for adhesion energy from an underlying substrate. We demonstrate our approach first for the free standing case, where the solutions can be compared to well-known Wulff constructions, before we treat the general case for interfacial energy settings that support partial wetting. We then use our method to predict the morphologies of poly-crystalline silicon nanodots.
- ItemAusbau des Kompetenzzentrums Dünnschicht und Nanotechnologie für Photovoltaik Berlin, Teilvorhaben 6: Analytik(Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2014) Klingsporn, Max; Costina,, IoanDerzeitiger Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik Die Photovoltaiklandschaft in Deutschland ist von der Wafer-Technologie dominiert. Im Bereich Dünnschicht-PV gibt es zahlreiche vielversprechende Entwicklungspotentiale, für die jedoch auch die geeigneten Depositions-, Analyse- und Simulationsverfahren zur Verfügung stehen müssen. Zielsetzung Ziel des Teilvorhabens war der Aufbau eines instituts- und standortübergreifenden Analysenetzwerks für Dünnschichtsolarzellen, um, durch die Kombination einer Vielzahl von in der Halbleiterindustrie etablierter Methoden mit neuentwickelten Messverfahren und begleitenden theoretischen Simulationen, neue Ansätze und Wege zur Wirkungsgradsteigerung von Silizium und CIS basierten Dünnschichtsolarzellen zu entwickeln. Ergebnis Die bisher nur in der Mikroelektronik genutzten Analysemöglichkeiten wurden hinsichtlich Probenpräparation und Messbedingungen auf die Untersuchung von Solarzellen angepasst. Dafür wurden spezielle Probenhalter, Eichproben Messkonzepte und Messrezepte angefertigt bzw. entwickelt. Anwendungsmöglichkeiten Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse tragen zur Erweiterung der Kompetenzen auf dem Gebiet der Dünnschichtsolarzellenforschung im IHP bei und haben zur Entstehung einer permanenten Plattform für künftige Charakterisierungen auf diesem Anwendungsgebiet geführt.