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Subject: recovery × WGL Institute: IFWD ×

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    Recovery of release cloud from laser shock-loaded graphite and hydrocarbon targets: in search of diamonds
    (Bristol : IOP Publ., 2022) Schuster, A.K.; Voigt, K.; Klemmed, B.; Hartley, N.J.; Lütgert, J.; Zhang, M.; Bähtz, C.; Benad, A.; Brabetz, C.; Cowan, T.; Döppner, T.; Erb, D.J.; Eychmüller, A.; Facsko, S.; Falcone, R.W.; Fletcher, L.B.; Frydrych, S.; Ganzenmüller, G.C.; Gericke, D.O.; Glenzer, S.H.; Grenzer, J.; Helbig, U.; Hiermaier, S.; Hübner, R.; Laso Garcia, A.; Lee, H.J.; MacDonald, M.J.; McBride, E.E.; Neumayer, P.; Pak, A.; Pelka, A.; Prencipe, I.; Prosvetov, A.; Rack, A.; Ravasio, A.; Redmer, R.; Reemts, D.; Rödel, M.; Schoelmerich, M.; Schumacher, D.; Tomut, M.; Turner, S.J.; Saunders, A.M.; Sun, P.; Vorberger, J.; Zettl, A.; Kraus, D.
    This work presents first insights into the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from dynamically compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite at pressures up to 200 GPa, where they transform into diamond or lonsdaleite, respectively. These ejecta clouds are released into either vacuum or various types of catcher systems, and are monitored with high-speed recordings (frame rates up to 10 MHz). Molecular dynamics simulations are used to give insights to the rate of diamond preservation throughout the free expansion and the catcher impact process, highlighting the challenges of diamond retrieval. Raman spectroscopy data show graphitic signatures on a catcher plate confirming that the shock-compressed PS is transformed. First electron microscopy analyses of solid catcher plates yield an outstanding number of different spherical-like objects in the size range between ten(s) up to hundreds of nanometres, which are one type of two potential diamond candidates identified. The origin of some objects can unambiguously be assigned, while the history of others remains speculative.
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    Waste Recycling in Thermoelectric Materials
    (Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2020) Bahrami, Amin; Schierning, Gabi; Nielsch, Kornelius
    Thermoelectric (TE) technology enables the efficient conversion of waste heat generated in homes, transport, and industry into promptly accessible electrical energy. Such technology is thus finding increasing applications given the focus on alternative sources of energy. However, the synthesis of TE materials relies on costly and scarce elements, which are also environmentally damaging to extract. Moreover, spent TE modules lead to a waste of resources and cause severe pollution. To address these issues, many laboratory studies have explored the synthesis of TE materials using wastes and the recovery of scarce elements from spent modules, e.g., utilization of Si slurry as starting materials, development of biodegradable TE papers, and bacterial recovery and recycling of tellurium from spent TE modules. Yet, the outcomes of such work have not triggered sustainable industrial practices to the extent needed. This paper provides a systematic overview of the state of the art with a view to uncovering the opportunities and challenges for expanded application. Based on this overview, it explores a framework for synthesizing TE materials from waste sources with efficiencies comparable to those made from raw materials.