Glass Science and Technology
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Browsing Glass Science and Technology by Subject "Konferenzschrift"
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- ItemAccurate measurement of absorption spectra and refractive index of glass by Spectrophotometry(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) van Nijnatten, Peter A.The experimental methods for determining optical constants like refractive index and absorption coefficient often require specialized equipment. An Instrument that is standard equipment in most laboratories where optical materials are being characterized is the spectrophotometer. This type of Instrument is widely used for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance spectra at wavelengths ranging from 200 nm up to 50,000 nm. The paper aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of methods for determination of the optical constants of glass by Spectrophotometry. Examples are given for various types of glasses and applications under room temperature as well as elevated temperatures.
- ItemAdvanced Micro-Optics(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2003) Herzig, Hans Peter[no abstract available]
- ItemAdvantages of the pO-index Method to Estimate the Acid-Base Properties of Oxide Materials(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Besedina, S. A.; Konakov, V. G.; Schultz, M. M.[no abstract available]
- ItemAmorphous Polymorphism: Norbert Kreidl's Hypothesis, Experimental Proof, New Theory(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Landa, L.; Landa, K.[no abstract available]
- ItemThe Anodic and Cathodic Voltamperometry of Glasses of System Tl-As-Se-Te(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Funtikov, Valery A.; Antonova, Natalia E.[no abstract available]
- ItemApplication of Mathematical Modeling in the Process Developmentof Glass Forming(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Berndhäuser, Christoph[no abstract available]
- ItemBiomimetic Preparation of Bioactive Layers(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Skrčená, A.; Hejda, M.; Cílová, Z.; Helebrant, A.[no abstract available]
- ItemBubling - Intensifying Mean of Glass Melting Process and its Mathematical Modeling(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Novák, J.; Kasa, S.The method of 3D numerical modeling by means of the CDF program Fluent has been used to study the influence of bubbling on temperature and velocity fields in a gas heated melting furnace. Bubbling presence in the furnace has proved its intensifying influence on a melting process, which was manifested by positive influencing of glass melt temperature (higher heating up ). The same positive influence of bubbling has been noticed also in case of a glass melt flow. Bubbling in the furnace has resulted in the increase of glass melt velocity and, consequently, in speeding up the reactions between non-homogeneities and the melt, as well as in quicker glass melt refining. A double-row arrangement of bubbling nozzles has appeared to be more advantageous, as it lead to the global heating up in the furnace increased by several tens degrees ( 3 0 - 6 0 ° C ) and to the increase of velocity by about 30%.
- ItemCathodic Behaviour of the Molybdenum Electrode in Glass Melt(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Matěj, J.; Čierna, V.; Hulínský, V.; Maryška, M.; Hurníková, J.[no abstract available]
- ItemCeramic Sol-Gel Coatings on Glass(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2003) Helsch, G.; Heide, G.; Frischat, G. H.[no abstract available]
- ItemCharacterization of Solid Weathering Products Formed in Polluted Atmospheres on Crystal Glass(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Rebroš, M.; Jamnický, M.; Kadlečíková, M.The weathering of two different manufactured crystal glasses was studied. The glass samples were exposed to various polluted atmospheric environments with high relative humidity and at cyclic temperature changes. The chemical composition and the structure of solid weathering products were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, Raman microscopy and partially X-ray diffraction. Several crystalline compounds created on sample surfaces such as various sulphates and carbonates were identified.
- ItemChemical durability of sodium disilicate glasses in aqueous salt solutions(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Roggendorf, H.; Trempler, J.; Böschel, D.; Becker, C.; Michler, G.H.[no abstract available]
- ItemComposite coating materials for the hot embossing of microoptical components in inorganic glasses(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2003) Kleer, G.; Döll, W.; Hock, M.; Manns, P.; Schäffer, E.[no abstract available]
- ItemCorrosion of Glass(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Helebrant, A.; Jiřička, A.; Jiřičková, JThe paper reviews the different models describing interaction between glasses and aqueous solutions. It is shown the development of kinetic and thermodynamic models (Rana & Douglas, HIaváč & Matěj, Isard et al., Boksay & Doremus, Strachan, Grambow, Conradt, Aagaard & Helgeson). The models are compared from the point of view of different mechanisms and partial processes considered during model development. Model based on combination of Boksay & Doremus and Strachan models is shown, considering the glass corrosion as a combination of three simultaneous processes: 1. Glass matrix dissolution with two subsequent steps (surface reaction and surface reaction products transport through the precipitated layer and/or through Solution layer adjacent to the glass surface) 2. Leaching of moveable ions (A⁺) due to interdiffusion of HsO⁺ - A⁺ 3. Precipitation of dissolved glass components and/or Solution components on the glass surface. Finally, the outlook for future development of glass corrosion modelling is suggested, based on combination of Boksay & Doremus, Strachan, Conradt and Aagaard & Helgeson approach.
- ItemCrystalization in High Iron Containing Silicate Glasses - Electron Microscopy Investigation(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Völksch, Günter; Harizanova, Ruzha; Rüssel, Christian; Mitsche, Stefan; Pölt, Peter[no abstract available]
- ItemDependence of Glass Strength on the Surface Flaw Characteristics(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Kasiarová, M.; Rouxel, T.; Sangleboeuf, J.-C.Biaxial testing was used to get insight into the incidence of the surface flaw properties (size, shape) on the strength of float glass specimens. Grinding grooves and Vickers' indentations were introduced as defects at the surface of annealed float glass specimens. The machined and fractured surface was observed and studied using optical and confocal microscopes. The influence of the flaw characteristics on the strength of glass was evaluated and analysed in the light of the fracture mechanics.
- ItemDesign of Energy and Environmentally Friendly Fiberglass Compositions Derived from the Quaternary SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO Phase Diagram - Part II: Fluorine-Free E-Glass Compositions Containing Low Levels of B₂O₃ and Li₂O(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Wallenberger, F. T.; Hicks, R. J.; Bierhals, A. T.Incumbent E-Glass compositions contain 6 8% B₂O₃ and 0.1-1.0% fluorine. Partial emissions of these ingredients from commercial melt furnaces were recently identified as environmental hazards. Removal of all fluorine and of essentially all boron was required. But the resulting boron-and fluorine-free E-glass compositions posed another environmental concern. They had higher melt viscosities and fiber forming temperatures, and needed much more process energy. Second and thirdgeneration fluorine-free E-glass compositions were therefore developed, which contained low levels of either B₂O₃ or Li₂O and had a 26°C to 47°C lower forming temperature than optimum first generation compositions. This paper provides a detailed description of third-generation fluorine-free E-glass compositions, which contain low levels of both B₂O₃ and Li₂O, have a 65°C lower forming temperature than optimum first generation boron and fluorine-free E-glass, and promise to offer major process energy savings.
- ItemDevelopment of bioactive glass-ceramics(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2004) Apel, Elke; Höland, Wolfram; Rheinberger, VolkerA bioactive glass-ceramic with rhenanite, NaCaPO₄, was developed in the SiO₂ - Na₂O - CaO - P₂O₅ - F System. Crystallization and microstructure were determined by room temperature X-ray diffraction (RT-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The surface properties of the monolithic material and its surface reactivity were investigated after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 to 10 days. The layer that formed was identified as hydroxyapatite (HA) using surface sensitive analytical methods. Ion exchange processes of Ca²⁺ and phosphate ions were determined. HA formed on the surface of the samples within 48 hours. An open-porous scaffold was prepared using the polymer sponge method. Based on the main results of the investigation, we conclude that rhenanite glass-ceramics possess very good bioactive properties.
- ItemDevelopment of planarized digital transmission holograms on glass by embossing of thixotropic nano composites.(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2003) Menning, M.; Oliveira, P. W.; Schmidt, H. K.[no abstract available]
- ItemDiffractive optical elements in glass(Offenbach : Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, 2003) Thoma, C.; Schütte, H.; Vahrenkamp, T.; Kreitlow, H.Diffractive optical elements (DOE) in glass are achieved by the means of the thermal ion exchange in a substrate glass. We report about the technical advantages and limitations for the design of DOEs in respect of this new technology. A first application has been worked out for a Nd:YAG laser cutting Station. The DOE in glass Is a 1%-beam-splitter for the power monitoring of the laser. Together with a CCD camera an on-line beam analysis has been realized.