Enhanced capacitance of nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbide-derived carbon in matched ionic liquids

Abstract

Supercapacitors combine efficient electrical energy storage and performance stability based on fast electrosorption of electrolyte ions at charged interfaces. They are a central element of existing and emerging energy concepts. A better understanding of capacitance enhancement options is essential to exploit the full potential of supercapacitors. Here, we report a novel hierarchically structured N-doped carbon material and a significant capacitance enhancement for a specific ionic liquid. Our studies indicate that matching of the electrode material and the ionic liquid specifically leads to a constant normalized resistance of the electrode material (voltage window up to ±1 V vs. carbon) and a significant enhancement of the specific capacitance. Such effects are not seen for standard organic electrolytes, non-matched ionic liquids, or non-N-doped carbons. A higher N-doping of the electrode material improves the symmetric full cell capacitance of the match and considerably increases its long-term stability at +3 V cell voltage. This novel observance of enhanced specific capacitance for N-doped carbons with matched ionic liquid may enable a new platform for developing supercapacitors with enhanced energy storage capacity.