Comparative Studies on Water- and Vapor-Based Hydrothermal Carbonization: Process Analysis

dc.bibliographicCitation.firstPage5733eng
dc.bibliographicCitation.issue21eng
dc.bibliographicCitation.journalTitleEnergies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and managementeng
dc.bibliographicCitation.volume13eng
dc.contributor.authorRo, Kyoung S.
dc.contributor.authorLibra, Judy A.
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez-Murillo, Andrés
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-24T06:02:12Z
dc.date.available2022-01-24T06:02:12Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reactor systems used to convert wet organic wastes into value-added hydrochar are generally classified in the literature as liquid water-based (HTC) or vapor-based (VTC). However, the distinction between the two is often ambiguous. In this paper, we present a methodological approach to analyze process conditions for hydrothermal systems. First, we theoretically developed models for predicting reactor pressure, volume fraction of liquid water and water distribution between phases as a function of temperature. The reactor pressure model predicted the measured pressure reasonably well. We also demonstrated the importance of predicting the condition at which the reactor system enters the subcooled compression liquid region to avoid the danger of explosion. To help understand water–feedstock interactions, we defined a new solid content parameter %S(T) based on the liquid water in physical contact with feedstock, which changes with temperature due to changes in the water distribution. Using these models, we then compared the process conditions of seven different HTC/VTC cases reported in the literature. This study illustrates that a large range of conditions need to be considered before applying the label VTC or HTC. These tools can help in designing experiments to compare systems and understand results in future HTC researcheng
dc.description.versionpublishedVersioneng
dc.identifier.urihttps://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/7892
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.34657/6933
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherBasel : MDPIeng
dc.relation.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en13215733
dc.relation.essn1996-1073
dc.rights.licenseCC BY 4.0 Unportedeng
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/eng
dc.subject.ddc620eng
dc.subject.otherHydrochareng
dc.subject.otherHydrothermal carbonization (HTC)eng
dc.subject.otherPhase distribution of watereng
dc.subject.otherProcess conditionseng
dc.subject.otherReactor pressureeng
dc.subject.otherSolid contentseng
dc.subject.otherVapothermal carbonization (VTC)eng
dc.titleComparative Studies on Water- and Vapor-Based Hydrothermal Carbonization: Process Analysiseng
dc.typeArticleeng
dc.typeTexteng
tib.accessRightsopenAccesseng
wgl.contributorATBeng
wgl.subjectIngenieurwissenschafteneng
wgl.typeZeitschriftenartikeleng
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