H2 Atlas (DB001845) - Factual report on the proof of use

Abstract

The German national hydrogen strategy assumes an increased hydrogen demand of approx. 90 - 110 TWh by 20230 due to transformation processes in industry and possible fields of application in the transport sector. Demand for hydrogen and synthesis derivatives is expected to be between 400 and 800 TWh by 2050. Energy sources in Sub-Saharan Africa are mainly traditional biofuels (firewood), natural gas, oil and hydropower. Wood biofuels account for almost half of the sources and are the main source of energy for over 70% of the African population living in rural areas without access to electricity [5]. The direct consequence of this is heavy deforestation and the large release of harmful gases into the environment. In sub-Saharan Africa, most national electricity grids are limited to urban areas, leaving over 600 million people in rural areas without access. In addition to grid-connected power plants, there are a number of decentralized, off-grid power generators for private or industrial use. These are often petrol and diesel generators that middle-income households and industries rely on. According to the World Bank, sub- Saharan African countries experience power outages of 50 to 4,600 hours per year [9, 10]. The power outages are due to logistical and infrastructural problems caused by the centralized power grid. In recent decades, the African economy has experienced strong growth. This economic growth goes hand in hand with a growing need for sustainable, climate-friendly energy. This can only be achieved by using Africa's numerous available renewable energy sources such as water, sun, wind and other resources in a well-structured energy system. The project investigated the potential of producing green hydrogen from renewable energy in selected countries in Eastern, Western and Southern Africa, taking into account the technological, environmental and socio-economic conditions in each country. The available renewable energy, land and water resources required for the production of green hydrogen were examined. Furthermore, logistical and political framework conditions were analyzed, which can influence the production of green hydrogen, its use in Africa and the possibility of exporting it.

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