Experimental particle formation rates spanning tropospheric sulfuric acid and ammonia abundances, ion production rates, and temperatures

dc.bibliographicCitation.firstPage12,377
dc.bibliographicCitation.issue20eng
dc.bibliographicCitation.journalTitleJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmosphereseng
dc.bibliographicCitation.lastPage12,400
dc.bibliographicCitation.volume121
dc.contributor.authorKürten, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorBianchi, Federico
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Joao
dc.contributor.authorKupiainen-Määttä, Oona
dc.contributor.authorDunne, Eimear M.
dc.contributor.authorDuplissy, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, Christina
dc.contributor.authorBarmet, Peter
dc.contributor.authorBreitenlechner, Martin
dc.contributor.authorDommen, Josef
dc.contributor.authorDonahue, Neil M.
dc.contributor.authorFlagan, Richard C.
dc.contributor.authorFranchin, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorGordon, Hamish
dc.contributor.authorHakala, Jani
dc.contributor.authorHansel, Armin
dc.contributor.authorHeinritzi, Martin
dc.contributor.authorIckes, Luisa
dc.contributor.authorJokinen, Tuija
dc.contributor.authorKangasluoma, Juha
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jaeseok
dc.contributor.authorKirkby, Jasper
dc.contributor.authorKupc, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorLehtipalo, Katrianne
dc.contributor.authorLeiminger, Markus
dc.contributor.authorMakhmutov, Vladimir
dc.contributor.authorOnnela, Antti
dc.contributor.authorOrtega, Ismael K.
dc.contributor.authorPetäjä, Tuukka
dc.contributor.authorPraplan, Arnaud P.
dc.contributor.authorRiccobono, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorRissanen, Matti P.
dc.contributor.authorRondo, Linda
dc.contributor.authorSchnitzhofer, Ralf
dc.contributor.authorSchobesberger, Siegfried
dc.contributor.authorSmith, James N.
dc.contributor.authorSteiner, Gerhard
dc.contributor.authorStozhkov, Yuri
dc.contributor.authorTomé, António
dc.contributor.authorTröstl, Jasmin
dc.contributor.authorTsagkogeorgas, Georgios
dc.contributor.authorWagner, Paul E.
dc.contributor.authorWimmer, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorYe, Penglin
dc.contributor.authorBaltensperger, Urs
dc.contributor.authorCarslaw, Ken
dc.contributor.authorKulmala, Markku
dc.contributor.authorCurtius, Joachim
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-30T06:44:03Z
dc.date.available2019-06-26T17:17:58Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractBinary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water as well as ternary nucleation involving ammonia are thought to be the dominant processes responsible for new particle formation (NPF) in the cold temperatures of the middle and upper troposphere. Ions are also thought to be important for particle nucleation in these regions. However, global models presently lack experimentally measured NPF rates under controlled laboratory conditions and so at present must rely on theoretical or empirical parameterizations. Here with data obtained in the European Organization for Nuclear Research CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we present the first experimental survey of NPF rates spanning free tropospheric conditions. The conditions during nucleation cover a temperature range from 208 to 298 K, sulfuric acid concentrations between 5 × 105 and 1 × 109 cm−3, and ammonia mixing ratios from zero added ammonia, i.e., nominally pure binary, to a maximum of ~1400 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). We performed nucleation studies under pure neutral conditions with zero ions being present in the chamber and at ionization rates of up to 75 ion pairs cm−3 s−1 to study neutral and ion-induced nucleation. We found that the contribution from ion-induced nucleation is small at temperatures between 208 and 248 K when ammonia is present at several pptv or higher. However, the presence of charges significantly enhances the nucleation rates, especially at 248 K with zero added ammonia, and for higher temperatures independent of NH3 levels. We compare these experimental data with calculated cluster formation rates from the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code with cluster evaporation rates obtained from quantum chemistry.eng
dc.description.versionpublishedVersioneng
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.34657/953
dc.identifier.urihttps://oa.tib.eu/renate/handle/123456789/496
dc.language.isoengeng
dc.publisherHoboken, NJ : Wileyeng
dc.relation.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023908
dc.rights.licenseCC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Unportedeng
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/eng
dc.subject.ddc550eng
dc.subject.otherAerosols and Particleseng
dc.titleExperimental particle formation rates spanning tropospheric sulfuric acid and ammonia abundances, ion production rates, and temperatureseng
dc.typeArticleeng
dc.typeTexteng
tib.accessRightsopenAccesseng
wgl.contributorTROPOSeng
wgl.subjectGeowissenschafteneng
wgl.typeZeitschriftenartikeleng
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