Barrierefreie Gestaltung von Querungsanlagen an Ortsdurchfahrten von Bundesfernstraßen

Abstract

Teil I: Barrierefreie Querungsanlagen Wesentliche Aufgabe in der Teilaufgabe „Barrierefreie Querungsanlagen“ war es, eine baulich einfach umsetzbare, kostengünstige und aus Sicht der Nutzenden richtig interpre tierbare sowie ohne besondere Erschwernisse nutzbare Gestaltungslösung für eine barrie refreie Querungsanlage zu entwickeln. Neben den Belangen mobilitätseingeschränkter Menschen waren auch die Bedürfnisse des Radverkehrs zu berücksichtigen. Zudem wa ren Kriterien für Einsatzempfehlungen für die unterschiedlichen Bauformen barrierefreier Überquerungsstellen zu geben. Im Rahmen einer umfangreichen Grundlagenanalyse wurden nationale Regelwerke und Forschungsberichte sowie Ausführungsformen von Querungsanlagen im Ausland betrach tet. Anschließend wurden Straßenbaulastträger in Deutschland befragt, welche Bauform einer barrierefreien Überquerungsstelle umgesetzt wird und welche Einsatzkriterien ggf. zu einer Entscheidung für eine Bauform oder Modifikationen der Regelbauweisen führen. In mehreren deutschen Städten wurde das Verhalten mobilitätseingeschränkter Men schen und des Radverkehrs an unterschiedlichen Querungsanlagen mittels Videobeob achtungen analysiert, um Akzeptanz, Nutzbarkeit und mögliche Schwierigkeiten bzw. kri tische Situationen an den unterschiedlich gestalteten Überquerungsstellen bewerten zu können. Unter Beteiligung relevanter Akteure (Workshops) wurden fünf Varianten einer neuen Bauform einer barrierefreien Querungsanlage auf einer Versuchsstrecke umge setzt. Die Varianten wurde von Menschen mit Mobilitätseinschränkungen und Rad fahren den getestet und vergleichend bewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten die Parameter für eine barrierefreien Querungsanlage als Anram pung ohne Bordkante entwickelt und für die unterschiedlichen Bauformen Empfehlungen für Modifikationen und Einsatzbereiche abgegeben werden. Teil II: Visuelle Kontraste im öffentlichen Raum Das Forschungsprojekt hatte für die Teilaufgabe „Visuelle Kontraste“ zum Ziel, Wissenslü cken hinsichtlich einer praxisorientierten Anwendung visueller Kontraste im öffentlichen Raum zu schließen. Trotz normativer Vorgaben für die technische Umsetzung visueller Kontraste bleiben für Planer und Betroffene Fragen offen, da es an positiven, praxisge rechten Beispielen für gestalterisch ansprechende und zugleich funktionale Lösungen fehlt. Zudem spielt in der Praxis häufig die Abwägung mit städtebaulichen Aspekten und Anforderungen des Denkmalschutzes eine große Rolle. Es wurden zunächst die in Technischen Regelwerken dargestellten grundsätzlichen Anfor derungen an visuelle Kontraste analysiert, ebenso wie aktuelle Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Wahrnehmbarkeit von visuellen Kontrasten aus der Forschung. Kern der Aufgabenbe arbeitung bildet eine Sammlung an Positivbeispielen gestalterisch gelungenen und funkti onal brauchbar eingeschätzter Lösungen für die Umsetzung visueller Kontraste im öffent lichen Verkehrsraum unter Berücksichtigung stadt-gestalterischer Aspekte. Dafür wurden verschiedene Verkehrsräume untersucht, Kontrastmessungen durchgeführt und Gesprä che mit Planenden und Betroffenen geführt. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Katalog von Bei spielen für die Kontrastgestaltung von Straßenräumen und Elementen unter Einbeziehung verschiedener Akteure diskutiert. Aus der Analyse wurden Hinweise für die Umsetzung visueller Kontraste im öffentlichen Raum unter Berücksichtigung stadtgestalterischer As pekte formuliert, die in die Fortschreibung von Regelwerken zum barrierefreien Bauen aufgenommen werden können Datei-Upload durch TIB tion for a barrier-free crossing facility that was easy to implement in terms of construc tion, cost-effective, could be correctly interpreted from the user's point of view and could be used without any particular difficulties. In addition to the needs of mobility-restricted people, the needs of cyclists were also to be taken into account. In addition, criteria for recommendations for the use of different types of barrier-free crossing points were to be developed. The main task in the sub-task "Barrier-free crossing facilities" was to develop a new solu tion for a barrier-free crossing facility that was easy to implement in terms of construc tion, cost-effective, could be correctly interpreted from the user's point of view and could be used without any particular difficulties. In addition to the needs of mobility-restricted people, the needs of cyclists were also to be taken into account. In addition, criteria for recommendations for the use of different types of barrier-free crossing points were to be developed. Within the framework of a comprehensive basic analysis, national regulations and re search reports as well as designs of crossing facilities in other countries were considered. Subsequently, road authorities in Germany were asked about their favourite choice of barrier-free crossing facilities and which application criteria leads to a decision in favour of a design or modifications of the standard design. In several German cities, the beha viour of mobility-restricted people and of cyclists at different crossing facilities was ana lysed by means of video observations in order to be able to evaluate acceptance, usabil ity and possible difficulties or critical situations at the differently designed crossing points. With the participation of relevant stakeholders (workshops), five variants of a new design of a barrier-free crossing facility were implemented on a test route. The variants were tested and comparatively evaluated by mobility-restricted people and cyclists. Within the framework of a comprehensive basic analysis, national regulations and re search reports as well as designs of crossing facilities in other countries were considered. Subsequently, road authorities in Germany were asked about their favourite choice of barrier-free crossing facilities and which application criteria leads to a decision in favour of a design or modifications of the standard design. In several German cities, the beha viour of mobility-restricted people and of cyclists at different crossing facilities was ana lysed by means of video observations in order to be able to evaluate acceptance, usabil ity and possible difficulties or critical situations at the differently designed crossing points. With the participation of relevant stakeholders (workshops), five variants of a new design of a barrier-free crossing facility were implemented on a test route. The variants were tested and comparatively evaluated by mobility-restricted people and cyclists. As a result, the parameters for a barrier-free crossing facility build as a ramp without kerb could be developed and recommendations for modifications and areas of application could be made for the different designs. Part II: Visual contrasts in urban spaces As a result, the parameters for a barrier-free crossing facility build as a ramp without kerb could be developed and recommendations for modifications and areas of application could be made for the different designs. Part II: Visual contrasts in urban spaces For the subtask "Visual contrasts", the research project aimed at closing knowledge gaps with regard to a practice-oriented application of visual contrasts in public spaces. Despite normative guidelines for the technical implementation of visual contrasts, questions re main open for planners and those concerned, as there is a lack of positive, practice-ori ented examples of solutions that are both appealing in terms of design and functional at the same time. In addition, in practice, the consideration of urban planning aspects and requirements for the protection of historical monuments plays a major role in many cases. For the subtask "Visual contrasts", the research project aimed at closing knowledge gaps with regard to a practice-oriented application of visual contrasts in public spaces. Despite normative guidelines for the technical implementation of visual contrasts, questions re main open for planners and those concerned, as there is a lack of positive, practice-ori ented examples of solutions that are both appealing in terms of design and functional at the same time. In addition, in practice, the consideration of urban planning aspects and requirements for the protection of historical monuments plays a major role in many cases. First of all, the basic requirements for visual contrasts presented in technical regulations were analysed, as well as current findings from research regarding the perceptibility of visual contrasts. The core of the task is a collection of examples of successful design and functionally useful solutions for the implementation of visual contrasts in public traffic areas, taking into account urban design aspects. For this purpose, various urban spaces were examined, contrast measurements were carried out and discussions were held with planners and those affected (visual impaired people). In addition, a catalogue of ex amples for the contrast design of street spaces and elements was discussed with particip ation of various stakeholders. From the analysis, guidelines for the implementation of visual contrasts in public spaces were formulated, taking into account urban design as pects, which can be included in the updating of regulations on barrier-free traffic spaces. First of all, the basic requirements for visual contrasts presented in technical regulations were analysed, as well as current findings from research regarding the perceptibility of visual contrasts. The core of the task is a collection of examples of successful design and functionally useful solutions for the implementation of visual contrasts in public traffic areas, taking into account urban design aspects. For this purpose, various urban spaces were examined, contrast measurements were carried out and discussions were held with planners and those affected (visual impaired people). In addition, a catalogue of ex amples for the contrast design of street spaces and elements was discussed with particip ation of various stakeholders. From the analysis, guidelines for the implementation of visual contrasts in public spaces were formulated, taking into account urban design as pects, which can be included in the updating of regulations on barrier-free traffic spaces.