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Spherical arc-length as a global conformal parameter for analytic curves in the Riemann sphere
We prove that for every analytic curve in the complex plane C, Euclidean and spherical arc-lengths are global conformal parameters. We also prove that for any analytic curve in the hyperbolic plane, hyperbolic arc-length is also a global parameter. We generalize some of these results to the case of analytic curves in Rn and Cn and we discuss the situation of curves in the Riemann sphere C {∞}.
Equidistribution of elements of norm 1 in cyclic extensions
Upon quotienting by units, the elements of norm 1 in a number field K form a countable subset of a torus of dimension r1 + r2 - 1 where r1 and r2 are the numbers of real and pairs of complex embeddings. When K is Galois with cyclic Galois group we demonstrate that this countable set is equidistributed in this torus with respect to a natural partial ordering.
Analytic structure in fibers
Let BX be the open unit ball of a complex Banach space X, and let H∞(BX) and Au(BX) be, respectively, the algebra of bounded holomorphic functions on BX and the subalgebra of uniformly continuous holomorphic functions on BX. In this paper we study the analytic structure of fibers in the spectrum of these two algebras. For the case of H∞(BX), we prove that the fiber in M(H∞(Bc0)) over any point of the distinguished boundary of the closed unit ball B¯ℓ∞ of ℓ∞ contains an analytic copy of Bℓ∞. In the case of Au(BX) we prove that if there exists a polynomial whose restriction to the open unit ball of X is not weakly continuous at some point, then the fiber over every point of the open unit ball of the bidual contains an analytic copy of D.
On the prediction of stationary functional time series
This paper addresses the prediction of stationary functional time series. Existing contributions to this problem have largely focused on the special case of first-order functional autoregressive processes because of their technical tractability and the current lack of advanced functional time series methodology. It is shown here how standard multivariate prediction techniques can be utilized in this context. The connection between functional and multivariate predictions is made precise for the important case of vector and functional autoregressions. The proposed method is easy to implement, making use of existing statistical software packages, and may therefore be attractive to a broader, possibly non-academic, audience. Its practical applicability is enhanced through the introduction of a novel functional final prediction error model selection criterion that allows for an automatic determination of the lag structure and the dimensionality of the model. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in a simulation study and an application to environmental data, namely the prediction of daily pollution curves describing the concentration of particulate matter in ambient air. It is found that the proposed prediction method often significantly outperforms existing methods.
Calculating conjugacy classes in Sylow p-subgroups of finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven
Let G(q) be a finite Chevalley group, where q is a power of a good prime p, and let U(q) be a Sylow p-subgroup of G(q). Then a generalized version of a conjecture of Higman asserts that the number k(U(q)) of conjugacy classes in U(q) is given by a polynomial in q with integer coefficients. In [12], the first and the third authors developed an algorithm to calculate the values of k(U(q)). By implementing it into a computer program using GAP, they were able to calculate k(U(q)) for G of rank at most 5, thereby proving that for these cases k(U(q)) is given by a polynomial in q. In this paper we present some refinements and improvements of the algorithm that allow us to calculate the values of k(U(q)) for finite Chevalley groups of rank six and seven, except E7. We observe that k(U(q)) is a polynomial, so that the generalized Higman conjecture holds for these groups. Moreover, if we write k(U(q)) as a polynomial in q−1, then the coefficients are non-negative. Under the assumption that k(U(q)) is a polynomial in q−1, we also give an explicit formula for the coefficients of k(U(q)) of degrees zero, one and two.
Non-extendability of holomorphic functions with bounded or continuously extendable derivatives
We consider the spaces H∞F(Ω) and AF(Ω) containing all holomorphic functions f on an open set Ω⊆C, such that all derivatives f(l), l∈F⊆N0={0,1,...}, are bounded on Ω, or continuously extendable on Ω¯¯¯¯, respectively. We endow these spaces with their natural topologies and they become Fr\'echet spaces. We prove that the set S of non-extendable functions in each of these spaces is either void, or dense and Gδ. We give examples where S=∅ or not. Furthermore, we examine cases where F can be replaced by F˜={l∈N0:minF⩽l⩽supF}, or F˜0={l∈N0:0⩽l⩽supF} and the corresponding spaces stay unchanged.
Ghost algebras of double Burnside algebras via Schur functors
For a finite group G, we introduce a multiplication on the Q-vector space with basis SG×G, the set of subgroups of G × G. The resulting Q-algebra A˜ can be considered as a ghost algebra for the double Burnside ring B(G,G) in the sense that the mark homomorphism from B(G,G) to A˜ is a ring homomorphism. Our approach interprets QB(G,G) as an algebra eAe, where A is a twisted monoid algebra and e is an idempotent in A. The monoid underlying the algebra A is again equal to SG×G with multiplication given by composition of relations (when a subgroup of G × G is interpreted as a relation between G and G). The algebras A and A˜ are isomorphic via Mo¨bius inversion in the poset SG×G. As an application we improve results by Bouc on the parametrization of simple modules of QB(G,G) and also of simple biset functors, by using results by Linckelmann and Stolorz on the parametrization of simple modules of finite category algebras. Finally, in the case where G is a cyclic group of order n, we give an explicit isomorphism between QB(G,G) and a direct product of matrix rings over group algebras of the automorphism groups of cyclic groups of order k, where k divides n.
On reflection subgroups of finite Coxeter groups
Let W be a finite Coxeter group. We classify the reflection subgroups of W up to conjugacy and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the map that assigns to a reflection subgroup R of W the conjugacy class of its Coxeter elements to be injective, up to conjugacy.
Yet another algorithm for the symmetric eigenvalue problem
In this paper we present a new algorithm for solving the symmetric matrix eigenvalue problem that works by first using a Cayley transformation to convert the symmetric matrix into a unitary one and then uses Gragg’s implicitly shifted unitary QR algorithm to solve the resulting unitary eigenvalue problem. We prove that under reasonable assumptions on the symmetric matrix this algorithm is backward stable and also demonstrate that this algorithm is comparable with other well known implementations in terms of both speed and accuracy.