1987, Peters, Arnd, Fletcher, Walter William

In part 2 of this publication the procedure is described which is discussed, proved, optimized (results in part 1) and recommended for analysis by TC 2 of ICG. After decomposition by hydrofluoric acid/perchloric acid lead containing residues are dissolved by nitric acid, or other residues by hydrochloric acid. For precise determination of chromium a warning note is given. As spectrochemical buffers caesium salts are used (single-buffer method). For all mass produced glasses like soda-lime-magnesia-silica glasses, borosilicate glasses and (lead-) crystal glasses single-element calibration solutions are proposed as well as time-saving multi-element calibration solutions. They comprehend aluminium, barium, calcium, chromium, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium and zinc. The procedure should be applicable without problems also on the elements antimony, cobalt, copper, nickel, strontium, titanium and others when the detection limit of the elements is exceeded in the produced measuring solution. Separate calibration solutions are recommended for the determination of calcium in the presence of AI2O3 concentrations > 0,5 % m/m.

1971, Fletcher, Walter William

In this review of the work of the Chemical Analysis Committee of the Society of Glass Technology it has not been possible to give a true picture of the industry and conscientiousness of the members of the Committee. Much of the detail of the work involved has been omitted but can be found in the relevant references given in the bibliography. A large volume of work has been completed by the Committee and clearly the revisions of standard glasses 2, 3 and 4 will incorporate many of the developments accruing from the revision of Standard Glass No. 1.

1987, Peters, Arnd, Fletcher, Walter William, Sales, Rose Mary

In a collaborative work within TC 2 of ICG a proposal for a standard procedure for the analysis of glasses by flame spectrometric methods (AAS and AES) was tested. General considerations and results with their discussions are given in this part 1, a detailed prescription of the procedures will follow in part 2. The investigations comprehended two glass types (a soda-lime-magnesia-silica glass and a coloured tubing glass containing Na2O, K2O, CaO, AI2O3, Fe2O3, and MnO as major constituents), and 4 synthetic solutions simulating the glass types borosilicate 3.3, alkaline earth containing borosilicate glass, soda-lime-magnesia-silica glass, and lead crystal glass. The measurements of the glasses were carried out by single and multiple-buffer methods: "Single buffer" using caesium salts, "multiple buffer" using different salts or salt concentrations. The results show no significant differences, so that the Committee recommends the quicker single-buffer technique, especially suitable for control purposes. The measurements of the synthetic solutions were carried out using only the single-buffer technique, but single and multiple-element calibration solutions. Discussing the results, the Committee stated, that precisely prepared sets of multiple-element calibration solutions will provide satisfactory results, again especially for control purposes. It is recommended, therefore, because it is time-saving.

1971, Austin, Michael Jeffrey, Fletcher, Walter William, Leech, Reginald Joseph, Hickson, Kenneth

The accurate analysis of materials over a wide range of compositions by X-ray fluorescence techniques (X.R.F.) requires an effective method for the correction of absorption effects within the sample due to variations in the composition of the matrix. A mathematical method of correcting for these matrix effects based on tabulated values of the mass absorption coefficients of elements has been evaluated on a series of soda-lime-silica glasses containing the oxides of sodium, calcium, silicon, aluminium, magnesium, potassium, iron. zirconium, titanium, arsenic, sulphur and antimony. The method proved effective for all except the last four elements but in all cases the X.R.F. results compared favourably with the analysis obtained by standard chemical methods. Other sources of error were considered to be present for sulphur and antimony and a second correction for the influence of calcium proved to be effective in the case of antimony.

1971, Fletcher, Walter William

The combustion method is suitable for the separation and determination of volatile components of glass. Details of fluorine, boron, sulphur and chloride in glass as well as carbon and sulphur in sand. Comparison with other methods demonstrates the efficiency of the combustion method.