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- ItemModeling and simulation of non-isothermal rate-dependent damage processes in inhomogeneous materials using the phase-field approach(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2016) Kraus, Christiane; Radszuweit, MarkusWe present a continuum model that incorporates rate-dependent damage and fracture, a material order parameter field and temperature. Different material characteristics throughout the medium yield a strong inhomogeneity and affect the way fracture propagates. The phasefield approach is employed to describe degradation. For the material order parameter we assume a Cahn Larché-type dynamics, which makes the model in particular applicable to binary alloys. We give thermodynamically consistent evolution equations resulting from a unified variational approach. Diverse coupling mechanisms can be covered within the model, such as heat dissipation during fracture, thermal-expansion-induced failure and elastic-inhomogeneity effects. We furthermore present an adaptive Finite Element code in two space dimensions that is capable of solving such a highly nonlinear and non-convex system of partial differential equations. With the help of this tool we conduct numerical experiments of different complexity in order to investigate the possibilities and limitations of the presented model. A main feature of our model is that we can describe the process of micro-crack nucleation in regions of partial damage to form macro-cracks in a unifying approach.
- ItemMaximal convergence theorems for functions of squared modulus holomorphic type and various applications(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2006) Kraus, ChristianeIn this paper we extend the theory of maximal convergence introduced by Walsh to functions of squared modulus holomorphic type. We introduce in accordance to the well-known complex maximal convergence number for holomorphic functions a real maximal convergence number for functions of squared modulus holomorphic type and prove several maximal convergence theorems. We achieve that the real maximal convergence number for F is always greater or equal than the complex maximal convergence number for g and equality occurs if L is a closed disk in R^2. Among other various applications of the resulting approximation estimates we show that for functions F of squared holomorphic type which have no zeros in a closed disk B_r the relation limsupntoinftysqrt[n]En(Br,F)=limsupntoinftysqrt[n]En(partialBr,F) is valid, where E_n is the polynomial approximation error.
- ItemThe sharp interface limit of the Van der Waals-Cahn-Hilliard phase model for fixed and time dependent domains(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2006) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Kraus, ChristianeWe study the equilibria of liquid--vapor phase transitions of a single substance at constant temperature and relate the sharp interface model of classical thermodynamics to a phase field model that determines the equilibria by the stationary van der Waals--Cahn--Hilliard theory. For two reasons we reconsider this old problem. 1. Equilibria in a two phase system can be established either under fixed total volume of the system or under fixed external pressure. The latter case implies that the domain of the two--phase system varies. However, in the mathematical literature rigorous sharp interface limits of phase transitions are usually considered under fixed volume. This brings the necessity to extend the existing tools for rigorous sharp interface limits to changing domains since in nature most processes involving phase transitions run at constant pressure. 2. Thermodynamics provides for a single substance two jump conditions at the sharp interface, viz. the continuity of the specific Gibbs free energies of the adjacent phases and the discontinuity of the corresponding pressures, which is balanced by the mean curvature. The existing estimates for rigorous sharp interface limits show only the first condition ...
- ItemThe equilibria of vapour-liquid systems revisited(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2007) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Kraus, ChristianeWe study equilibrium conditions of liquid-vapour phase transitions for a single substance at constant temperature. The phase transitions are modelled by a classical sharp interface model with boundary contact energy. We revisit this old problem mainly for the following reasons. Equilibria in a two-phase system can be established either under fixed external pressure or under fixed total volume. These two different settings lead to distinct equilibria, a fact that is usually ignored in the literature. In nature and in most technical processes, the approach of a two-phase system to equilibrium runs at constant pressure, whereas mathematicians prefer to study processes in constant domains, i.e. at constant volume. Furthermore, in the literature the sharp interface of the liquid and the vapour phase is usually described by a surface with high symmetry like a plane interface or a radially symmetric interface which has the shape of the boundary of a ball. In this paper we establish equilibrium conditions for pressure control as well as for volume control with arbitrary shapes of the interface. The results are derived by methods of differential geometry. Further, the common features and differences of pressure and volume control are worked out for some simple cases.
- ItemAn anisotropic, inhomogeneous, elastically modified Gibbs-Thomson law as singular limit of a diffuse interface model(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2009) Garcke, Harald; Kraus, ChristianeWe consider the sharp interface limit of a diffuse phase field model with prescribed total mass taking into account a spatially inhomogeneous anisotropic interfacial energy and an elastic energy. The main aim is the derivation of a weak formulation of an anisotropic, inhomogeneous, elastically modified Gibbs-Thomson law in the sharp interface limit. To this end we show that one can pass to the limit in the weak formulation of the Euler-Lagrange equation of the diffuse phase field energy
- ItemModelling compressible electrolytes with phase transition(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2014) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Giesselmann, Jan; Kraus, ChristianeA novel thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model is derived for compressible electrolytes with phase transitions. The fluid mixtures may consist of N constituents with the phases liquid and vapor, where both phases may coexist. In addition, all constituents may consist of polarizable and magnetizable matter. Our introduced thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model may be regarded as a generalized model of Allen-Cahn/Navier-Stokes/Poisson type for multi-component flows with phase transitions and electrochemical reactions. For the introduced diffuse interface model, we investigate physically admissible sharp interface limits by matched asymptotic techniques. We consider two scaling regimes, i.e. a non-coupled and a coupled regime, where the coupling takes place between the smallness parameter in the Poisson equation and the width of the interface. We recover in the sharp interface limit a generalized Allen-Cahn/Euler/Poisson system for mixtures with electrochemical reactions in the bulk phases equipped with admissible interfacial conditions. The interfacial conditions satisfy, for instance, a generalized Gibbs-Thomson law and a dynamic Young-Laplace law.
- ItemA compressible mixture model with phase transition(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2013) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Giesselmann, Jan; Kraus, ChristianeWe introduce a new thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model of AllenCahn/NavierStokes type for multi-component flows with phase transitions and chemical reactions. For the introduced diffuse interface model, we investigate physically admissible sharp interface limits by matched asymptotic techniques. We consider two scaling regimes, i.e. a non-dissipative and a dissipative regime, where we recover in the sharp interface limit a generalized Allen-Cahn/Euler system for mixtures with chemical reactions in the bulk phases equipped with admissible interfacial conditions. The interfacial conditions satify, for instance, a YoungLaplace and a Stefan type law.
- ItemA solution of Braess' approximaiton problem on powers of the distance function(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2006) Kraus, ChristianeThe polynomial approximation behaviour of the class of functions Fs:R2(x0,y0)−>R,Fs(x,y)=((x−x0)2+(y−y0)2)(−s),sin(0,infty), is studied in [Bra01]. There it is claimed that the obtained results can be embedded in a more general setting. This conjecture will be confirmed and complemented by a different approach than in [Bra01]. The key is to connect the approximation rate of F_s with its holomorphic continuability for which the classical Bernstein approximation theorem is linked with the convexity of best approximants. Approximation results of this kind also play a vital role in the numerical treatment of elliptic differential equations [Sau].
- ItemBernstein-Walsh type theorems for real analytic functions in several variables(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2008) Kraus, ChristianeThe aim of this paper is to extend the classical maximal convergence theory of Bernstein and Walsh for holomorphic functions in the complex plane to real analytic functions in R^N. In particular, we investigate the polynomial approximation behavior for functions $F: L to C, L= (Re z, Im z ) : z in K$, of the type $F= g overline h$, where g and h are holomorphic in a neighborhood of a compact set $K subset C^N$. To this end the maximal convergence number $rho(S_c,f)$ for continuous functions f defined on a compact set $S_c subset C^N$ is connected to a maximal convergence number $rho(S_r,F)$ for continuous functions F defined on a compact set $S_r subset R^N$.
- ItemThe sharp-interface limit for the Navier--Stokes--Korteweg equations(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2019) Abels, Helmut; Daube, Johannes; Kraus, Christiane; Kröner, DietmarWe investigate the sharp-interface limit for the Navier--Stokes--Korteweg model, which is an extension of the compressible Navier--Stokes equations. By means of compactness arguments, we show that solutions of the Navier--Stokes--Korteweg equations converge to solutions of a physically meaningful free-boundary problem. Assuming that an associated energy functional converges in a suitable sense, we obtain the sharp-interface limit at the level of weak solutions.
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