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Stamping Fabrication of Flexible Planar Micro‐Supercapacitors Using Porous Graphene Inks
2020, Li, Fei, Qu, Jiang, Li, Yang, Wang, Jinhui, Zhu, Minshen, Liu, Lixiang, Ge, Jin, Duan, Shengkai, Li, Tianming, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Huang, Ming, Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
High performance, flexibility, safety, and robust integration for micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) are of immense interest for the urgent demand for miniaturized, smart energy‐storage devices. However, repetitive photolithography processes in the fabrication of on‐chip electronic components including various photoresists, masks, and toxic etchants are often not well‐suited for industrial production. Here, a cost‐effective stamping strategy is developed for scalable and rapid preparation of graphene‐based planar MSCs. Combining stamps with desired shapes and highly conductive graphene inks, flexible MSCs with controlled structures are prepared on arbitrary substrates without any metal current collectors, additives, and polymer binders. The interdigitated MSC exhibits high areal capacitance up to 21.7 mF cm−2 at a current of 0.5 mA and a high power density of 6 mW cm−2 at an energy density of 5 µWh cm−2. Moreover, the MSCs show outstanding cycling performance and remarkable flexibility over 10 000 charge–discharge cycles and 300 bending cycles. In addition, the capacitance and output voltage of the MSCs are easily adjustable through interconnection with well‐defined arrangements. The efficient, rapid manufacturing of the graphene‐based interdigital MSCs with outstanding flexibility, shape diversity, and high areal capacitance shows great potential in wearable and portable electronics.
Recent developments of stamped planar micro-supercapacitors: Materials, fabrication and perspectives
2021, Li, Fei, Li, Yang, Qu, Jiang, Wang, Jinhui, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
The rapid development of wearable and portable electronics has dramatically increased the application for miniaturized energy storage components. Stamping micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with planar interdigital configurations are considered as a promising candidate to meet the requirements. In this review, recent progress of the different stamping materials and various stamping technologies are first discussed. The merits of each material, manufacturing process of each stamping method and the properties of stamping MSCs are scrutinized, respectively. Further insights on technical difficulties and scientific challenges are finally demonstrated, including the limited thickness of printed electrodes, poor overlay accuracy and printing resolution.
A Novel Large-Scale, Multilayer, and Facilely Aligned Micropatterning Technique Based on Flexible and Reusable SU-8 Shadow Masks
2019, Moradi, Somayeh, Bandari, Nooshin, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
A simple method to fabricate flexible, mechanically robust, and reusable SU-8 shadow masks is demonstrated. This shadow mask technology has high pattern flexibility as various shapes with different dimensions can be created. The fabricated shadow masks are characterized in terms of the resolution, reusability, and capability of multilayer surface micropatterning. Fabrication of a new plastic photomask for the exposure process simplifies the shadow mask fabrication process and results in higher resolution in the shadow mask structures compared to the commercial chromium photomasks. For the multilayer surface micropatterning technology, a simple and fast alignment technique based on SU-8 pillars and without usage of any microscopic tools is reported. This unique method leads to a less complicated alignment process with the alignment accuracy of ≈2 µm. The proposed shadow mask technology can be easily employed for wafer-scale micropatterning process. The capability of fabricated SU-8 shadow masks in micropatterning on polymer thin films is evaluated by fabricating metallic contacts on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) samples and electrical characterization. © 2019 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Fast-Response Micro-Phototransistor Based on MoS2/Organic Molecule Heterojunction
2023, Andleeb, Shaista, Wang, Xiaoyu, Dong, Haiyun, Valligatla, Sreeramulu, Saggau, Christian Niclaas, Ma, Libo, Schmidt, Oliver G., Zhu, Feng
Over the past years, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been the most extensively studied two-dimensional (2D) semiconductormaterial. With unique electrical and optical properties, 2DMoS2 is considered to be a promising candidate for future nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, charge trapping leads to a persistent photoconductance (PPC), hindering its use for optoelectronic applications. To overcome these drawbacks and improve the optoelectronic performance, organic semiconductors (OSCs) are selected to passivate surface defects, tune the optical characteristics, and modify the doping polarity of 2D MoS2. Here, we demonstrate a fast photoresponse in multilayer (ML) MoS2 by addressing a heterojunction interface with vanadylphthalocyanine (VOPc) molecules. The MoS2/VOPc van der Waals interaction that has been established encourages the PPC effect in MoS2 by rapidly segregating photo-generated holes, which move away from the traps of MoS2 toward the VOPc molecules. The MoS2/VOPc phototransistor exhibits a fast photo response of less than 15 ms for decay and rise, which is enhanced by 3ordersof magnitude in comparison to that of a pristine MoS2-based phototransistor (seconds to tens of seconds). This work offers a means to realize high-performance transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based photodetection with a fast response speed.
Highly Symmetric and Extremely Compact Multiple Winding Microtubes by a Dry Rolling Mechanism
2020, Moradi, Somayeh, Naz, Ehsan Saei Ghareh, Li, Guodong, Bandari, Nooshin, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Zhu, Feng, Wendrock, Horst, Schmidt, Oliver G.
Rolled-up nanotechnology has received significant attention to self-assemble planar nanomembranes into 3D micro and nanotubular architectures. These tubular structures have been well recognized as novel building blocks in a variety of applications ranging from microelectronics and nanophotonics to microbatteries and microrobotics. However, fabrication of multiwinding microtubes with precise control over the winding interfaces, which is crucial for many complex applications, is not easy to achieve by existing materials and technologies. Here, a dry rolling approach is introduced to tackle this challenge and create tight windings in compact and highly symmetric cylindrical microstructures. This technique exploits hydrophobicity of fluorocarbon polymers and the thermal expansion mismatch of polymers and inorganic films upon thermal treatment. Quality parameters for rolled-up microtubes, against which different fabrication technologies can be benchmarked are defined. The technique offers to fabricate long freestanding multiwinding microtubes as well as hierarchical architectures incorporating rolled-up wrinkled nanomembranes. This work presents an important step forward toward the fabrication of more complex but well-controlled microtubes for advanced high-quality device architectures. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Integrated molecular diode as 10 MHz half-wave rectifier based on an organic nanostructure heterojunction
2020, Li, Tianming, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Hantusch, Martin, Xin, Jianhui, Kuhrt, Robert, Ravishankar, Rachappa, Xu, Longqian, Zhang, Jidong, Knupfer, Martin, Zhu, Feng, Yan, Donghang, Schmidt, Oliver G.
Considerable efforts have been made to realize nanoscale diodes based on single molecules or molecular ensembles for implementing the concept of molecular electronics. However, so far, functional molecular diodes have only been demonstrated in the very low alternating current frequency regime, which is partially due to their extremely low conductance and the poor degree of device integration. Here, we report about fully integrated rectifiers with microtubular soft-contacts, which are based on a molecularly thin organic heterojunction and are able to convert alternating current with a frequency of up to 10 MHz. The unidirectional current behavior of our devices originates mainly from the intrinsically different surfaces of the bottom planar and top microtubular Au electrodes while the excellent high frequency response benefits from the charge accumulation in the phthalocyanine molecular heterojunction, which not only improves the charge injection but also increases the carrier density.
3D Self‐Assembled Microelectronic Devices: Concepts, Materials, Applications
2020, Karnaushenko, Daniil, Kang, Tong, Bandari, Vineeth K., Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
Modern microelectronic systems and their components are essentially 3D devices that have become smaller and lighter in order to improve performance and reduce costs. To maintain this trend, novel materials and technologies are required that provide more structural freedom in 3D over conventional microelectronics, as well as easier parallel fabrication routes while maintaining compatability with existing manufacturing methods. Self‐assembly of initially planar membranes into complex 3D architectures offers a wealth of opportunities to accommodate thin‐film microelectronic functionalities in devices and systems possessing improved performance and higher integration density. Existing work in this field, with a focus on components constructed from 3D self‐assembly, is reviewed, and an outlook on their application potential in tomorrow's microelectronics world is provided.
Nano energy for miniaturized systems
2021, Zhu, Minshen, Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
Skin mountable electronic devices are in a high-speed development at the crossroads of materials science, electronics, and computer science. Sophisticated functions, such as sensing, actuating, and computing, are integrated into a soft electronic device that can be firmly mounted to any place of human body. These advanced electronic devices are capable of yielding abilities for us whenever they are needed and even expanding our abilities beyond their natural limitations. Despite the great promise of skin mounted electronic devices, they still lack satisfactory power supplies that are safe and continuous. This Perspective discusses the prospects of the development of energy storage devices for the next generation skin mountable electronic devices based on their unique requirements on flexibility and miniaturized size.
On-chip integrated process-programmable sub-10 nm thick molecular devices switching between photomultiplication and memristive behaviour
2022, Li, Tianming, Hantusch, Martin, Qu, Jiang, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Knupfer, Martin, Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
Molecular devices constructed by sub-10 nm thick molecular layers are promising candidates for a new generation of integratable nanoelectronic applications. Here, we report integrated molecular devices based on ultrathin copper phthalocyanine/fullerene hybrid layers with microtubular soft-contacts, which exhibit process-programmable functionality switching between photomultiplication and memristive behaviour. The local electric field at the interface between the polymer bottom electrode and the enclosed molecular channels modulates the ionic-electronic charge interaction and hence determines the transition of the device function. When ions are not driven into the molecular channels at a low interface electric field, photogenerated holes are trapped as electronic space charges, resulting in photomultiplication with a high external quantum efficiency. Once mobile ions are polarized and accumulated as ionic space charges in the molecular channels at a high interface electric field, the molecular devices show ferroelectric-like memristive switching with remarkable resistive ON/OFF and rectification ratios.
Charge transport in organic nanocrystal diodes based on rolled-up robust nanomembrane contacts
2017-6-19, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Varadharajan, Lakshmi, Xu, Longqian, Jalil, Abdur Rehman, Devarajulu, Mirunalini, Siles, Pablo F., Zhu, Feng, Schmidt, Oliver G.
The investigation of charge transport in organic nanocrystals is essential to understand nanoscale physical properties of organic systems and the development of novel organic nanodevices. In this work, we fabricate organic nanocrystal diodes contacted by rolled-up robust nanomembranes. The organic nanocrystals consist of vanadyl phthalocyanine and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine heterojunctions. The temperature dependent charge transport through organic nanocrystals was investigated to reveal the transport properties of ohmic and space-charge-limited current under different conditions, for instance, temperature and bias