17 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
- ItemVerification of the helioseismic Fourier-Legendre analysis for meridional flow measurements(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Roth, M.; Doerr, H.-P.; Hartlep, T.Context. Measuring the Sun’s internal meridional flow is one of the key issues of helioseismology. Using the Fourier-Legendre analysis is a technique for addressing this problem. Aims. We validate this technique with the help of artificial helioseismic data. Methods. The analysed data set was obtained by numerically simulating the effect of the meridional flow on the seismic wave field in the full volume of the Sun. In this way, a 51.2-h long time series was generated. The resulting surface velocity field is then analyzed in various settings: Two 360° × 90° halfspheres, two 120° × 60° patches on the front and farside of the Sun (North and South, respectively) and two 120° × 60° patches on the northern and southern frontside only. We compare two possible measurement setups: observations from Earth and from an additional spacecraft on the solar farside, and observations from Earth only, in which case the full information of the global solar oscillation wave field was available. Results. We find that, with decreasing observing area, the accessible depth range decreases: the 360° × 90° view allows us to probe the meridional flow almost to the bottom of the convection zone, while the 120° × 60° view means only the outer layers can be probed. Conclusions. These results confirm the validity of the Fourier-Legendre analysis technique for helioseismology of the meridional flow. Furthermore these flows are of special interest for missions like Solar Orbiter that promises to complement standard helioseismic measurements from the solar nearside with farside observations.
- ItemEARLINET: 12-year of aerosol profiling over Europe(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Mona, L.; Alados Arboledas, L.; Amiridis, V.; Amodeo, A.; Apituley, A.; Balis, D.; Comeron, A.; Iarlori, M.; Linné, H.; Nicolae, D.; Papayannis, A.; Perrone, M.R.; Rizi, V.; Siomos, N.; Wandinger, U.; Wang, X.; Pappalardo, G.EARLINET has been collecting high quality aerosol optical profiles over Europe since 2000. The comparison with automatic collected dataset of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from AERONET and MODIS demonstrates the effectiveness of EARLINET regular measurement schedule for climatological studies. The analysis of optical properties in the local boundary layer indicates that the general decrease of AOD observed by different platforms over Europe in the last decade could be due to the modification of aerosol properties (towards less absorbing and larger particles) in the lower troposphere.
- ItemObservation of Arabian and Saharan dust in Cyprus with a new generation of the smart Raman lidar Polly(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Engelmann, Ronny; Ansmann, Albert; Bühl, Johannes; Heese, Birgit; Baars, Holger; Althausen, Dietrich; Marinou, Eleni; Amiridis, Vassilis; Mamouri, Rodanthi-Elisavet; Vrekoussis, MihalisThe atmospheric science community demands for autonomous and quality-assured vertically resolved measurements of aerosol and cloud properties. Aiming this goal, TROPOS developed the fully automated multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar Polly since over 10 years [1, 2]. In cooperation with different partner research institutes the system was improved continuously. Our latest lidar developments include aside the “3+2” measurements also a near-range receiver to measure aerosol extinction and backscatter down to 120 m above the lidar, a water-vapor channel, and measurements of the linear depolarization at two wavelengths. The latest system was built in cooperation with the National Observatory of Athens (NOA). Its first campaign however was performed at the Cyprus Institute of Nicosia from March to April 2015, aiming specifically at the observation of ice nuclei with in-situ and lidar remote sensing techniques in the framework of BACCHUS [3, 4].
- ItemCentral Asian Dust Experiment (CADEX): Multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar observations in Tajikistan(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Hofer, Julian; Althausen, Dietrich; Abdullaev, Sabur F.; Engelmann, Ronny; Baars, HolgerFor the first time lidar measurements of vertical aerosol profiles are conducted in Tajikistan/Central Asia. These measurements just started on March 17th, 2015. They are performed within the Central Asian Dust Experiment (CADEX) in Dushanbe and they will last at least one year. The deployed system for these observations is an updated version of the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar PollyXT. Vertical profiles of the backscatter coefficient, the extinction coefficient, and the particle depolarization ratio are measured by this instrument. A first and preliminary measurement example of an aerosol layer over Dushanbe is shown.
- ItemMeasurement of the linear depolarization ratio of aged dust at three wavelengths (355, 532 and 1064 nm) simultaneously over Barbados(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Haarig, Moritz; Althausen, Dietrich; Ansmann, Albert; Klepel, André; Baars, Holger; Engelmann, Ronny; Groß, Silke; Freudenthaler, VolkerA ground-based polarization Raman lidar is presented, that is able to measure the depolarization ratio at three wavelengths (355, 532 and 1064 nm) simultaneously. This new feature is implemented for the first time in a Raman lidar. It provides a full dataset of 3 backscatter coefficients, two extinction coefficients and 3 depolarization ratios (3+2+3 lidar system). To ensure the data quality, it has been compared to the well characterized two-wavelength polarization lidar POLIS. Measurements of long-range transported dust have been performed in the framework of the Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol-Cloud-Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE) in the Caribbean.
- ItemStudy case of air-mass modification over Poland and Romania observed by the means of multiwavelength Raman depolarization lidars(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Costa-Surós, Montserrat; Janicka, Lucja; Stachlewska, Iwona S.; Nemuc, Anca; Talianu, Camelia; Heese, Birgit; Engelmann, RonnyAn air-mass modification, on its way from Poland to Romania, observed between 19-21 July 2014 is discussed. The air-mass was investigated using data of two multi-wavelength lidars capable of performing regular elastic, depolarization and Raman measurements in Warsaw, Poland, and in Magurele, Romania. The analysis was focused on evaluating optical properties of aerosol in order to search for similarities and differences in the vertical profiles describing the atmospheric layers above the two stations within given period.
- ItemLooking into CALIPSO climatological products: Evaluation and suggestions from EARLINET(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos; Mona, Lucia; Alados-Alboledas, Lucas; Amiridis, Vassilis; Bortoli, Daniele; D’Amico, Giuseppe; Costa, Maria Joao; Pereira, Sergio; Spinelli, Nicola; Wandinger, Ulla Wandinger; Pappalardo, GelsominaCALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Pathfinder Satellite Observations) Level 3 (CL3) data were compared against EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) monthly averages obtained by profiles during satellite overpasses. Data from EARLINET stations of Évora, Granada, Leipzig, Naples and Potenza, equipped with advanced multi-wavelength Raman lidars were used for this study. Owing to spatial and temporal differences, we reproduced the CL3 filtering rubric onto the CALIPSO Level 2 data. The CALIPSO monthly mean profiles following this approach are called CALIPSO Level 3*, CL3*. This offers the possibility to achieve direct comparable datasets. In respect to CL3 data, the agreement typically improved, in particular above the areas directly affected by the anthropogenic activities within the planetary boundary layer. However in most of the cases a subtle CALIPSO underestimation was observed with an average bias of 0.03 km-1. We investigated the backscatter coefficient applying the same screening criteria, where the mean relative difference in respect to the extinction comparison improved from 15.2% to 11.4%. Lastly, the typing capabilities of CALIPSO were assessed outlining the importance of the correct aerosol type (and associated lidar ratio value) assessment to the CALIPSO aerosol properties retrieval.
- ItemFree tropospheric aerosols over South Africa(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Elina, Giannakaki; Pfüller, Anne; Korhonen, Kimmo; Mielonen, Tero; Laakso, Lauri; Vakkari, Ville; Baars, Holger; Engelmann, Ronny; Beukes, Johan P.; Van Zyl, Pieter G.; Josipovic, Miroslav; Tiitta, Petri; Chiloane, Kgaugelo; Piketh, Stuart; Lihavainen, Heikki; Lehtinen, KariRaman lidar data of one year was been analyzed to obtain information relating aerosol layers in the free troposphere over South Africa, Elandsfontein. In total, 375 layers were observed above the boundary layer during the period 30th January 2010 – 31st January 2011. The seasonal behavior of aerosol layer geometrical characteristics as well as intensive and extensive optical properties were studied. In general, layers were observed at higher altitudes during spring (2520 ± 970 m) while the geometrical layer depth did not show any significant seasonal dependence. The variations of most of the intensive and extensive optical properties analyzed were high during all seasons. Layers were observed at mean altitude of 2100 m ± 1000 m with lidar ratio at 355 nm of 67 ± 25 and extinction-related Ångström exponent between 355 and 532 nm of 1.9 ± 0.8.
- ItemContinuous time series of water vapor profiles from a combination of Raman lidar and microwave radiometer(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Foth, Andreas; Baars, Holger; Di Girolamo, Paolo; Pospichal, BernhardIn this paper, we present a method to retrieve continuous water vapor profiles from a combination of a Raman lidar and a microwave radiometer. The integrated water vapor from the microwave radiometer is used to calibrate the Raman lidar operationally resulting in small biases compared to radiosondes. The height limitations for Raman lidars (cloud base and daylight contamination) can be well compensated by the application of a two–step algorithm combining the Raman lidars mass mixing ratio and the microwave radiometers brightness temperatures.
- ItemAccuracy of linear depolarisation ratios in clean air ranges measured with POLIS-6 at 355 and 532 NM(Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 2016) Freudenthaler, Volker; Seefeldner, Meinhard; Groß, Silke; Wandinger, UllaLinear depolarization ratios in clean air ranges were measured with POLIS-6 at 355 and 532 nm. The mean deviation from the theoretical values, including the rotational Raman lines within the filter bandwidths, amounts to 0.0005 at 355 nm and to 0.0012 at 532 nm. The mean uncertainty of the measured linear depolarization ratio of clean air is about 0.0005 at 355 nm and about 0.0006 at 532 nm.