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- ItemCorrection: A flow cytometer-based whole cell screening toolbox for directed hydrolase evolution through fluorescent hydrogels(Cambridge : Soc., 2015) Lülsdorf, Nina; Pitzler, Christian; Biggel, Michael; Martinez, Ronny; Vojcic, Ljubica; Schwaneberg, UlrichCorrection for ‘A flow cytometer-based whole cell screening toolbox for directed hydrolase evolution through fluorescent hydrogels’ by Nina Lülsdorf et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 8679–8682.
- ItemNon-thermal plasma activates human keratinocytes by stimulation of antioxidant and phase II pathways(San Francisco, Calif. : Lightbinders, 2015) Schmidt, Anke; Dietrich, Stephan; Steuer, Anna; Weltmann, Klaus-Dieter; von Woedtke, Thomas; Masur, Kai; Wende, KristianNon-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to control redox-based processes, e.g. wound healing, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. By spatial and time-resolved delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, it allows stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes in biological systems. Our data show that both gene and protein expression is highly affected by non-thermal plasma. Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) and phase II enzyme pathway components were found to act as key controllers orchestrating the cellular response in keratinocytes. Additionally, glutathione metabolism, which is a marker for NRF2-related signaling events, was affected. Among the most robustly increased genes and proteins, heme oxygenase 1, NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase 1, and growth factors were found. The roles of NRF2 targets, investigated by siRNA silencing, revealed that NRF2 acts as an important switch for sensing oxidative stress events. Moreover, the influence of non-thermal plasma on the NRF2 pathway prepares cells against exogenic noxae and increases their resilience against oxidative species. Via paracrine mechanisms, distant cells benefit from cell-cell communication. The finding that non-thermal plasma triggers hormesis-like processes in keratinocytes facilitates the understanding of plasma-tissue interaction and its clinical application.
- ItemFuture growth patterns of world regions – A GDP scenario approach(Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2015) Leimbach, Marian; Kriegler, Elmar; Roming, Niklas; Schwanitz, JanaGlobal GDP projections for the 21st century are needed for the exploration of long-term global environmental problems, in particular climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions as well as climate change mitigation and adaption capacities strongly depend on growth of per capita income. However, long-term economic projections are highly uncertain. This paper provides five new long-term economic scenarios as part of the newly developed shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) which represent a set of widely diverging narratives. A method of GDP scenario building is presented that is based on assumptions about technological progress, and human and physical capital formation as major drivers of long-term GDP per capita growth. The impact of these drivers differs significantly between different shared socio-economic pathways and is traced back to the underlying narratives and the associated population and education scenarios. In a highly fragmented world, technological and knowledge spillovers are low. Hence, the growth impact of technological progress and human capital is comparatively low, and per capita income diverges between world regions. These factors play a much larger role in globalization scenarios, leading to higher economic growth and stronger convergence between world regions. At the global average, per capita GDP is projected to grow annually in a range between 1.0% (SSP3) and 2.8% (SSP5) from 2010 to 2100. While this covers a large portion of variety in future global economic growth projections, plausible lower and higher growth projections may still be conceivable. The GDP projections are put into the context of historic patterns of economic growth (stylized facts), and their sensitivity to key assumptions is explored.
- ItemUltralow percolation threshold in polyamide 6.6/MWCNT composites(Barking : Elsevier, 2015) Krause, Beate; Boldt, Regine; Häußler, Liane; Pötschke, PetraWhen incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesised by the aerosol-CVD method using different solvents into polyamide 6.6 (PA66) by melt mixing an ultralow electrical percolation threshold of 0.04. wt.% was found. This very low threshold was assigned to the specific characteristic of the MWCNTs for which a very high aspect ratio, a good dispersability in aqueous surfactant dispersions, and relatively low oxygen content near the surface were measured. The investigation of the composites by transmission electron microscopy on ultrathin cuts as well as by scanning electron microscopy combined with charge contrast imaging on compression moulded plates illustrated a good MWCNT dispersion within the PA66 matrix and that the very high aspect ratio of the nanotubes remained even after melt processing. Additionally, the thermal behaviour of the PA66 composites was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showing that the addition of only 0.05. wt.% MWCNT leads to an increase of the onset crystallization temperature of 11. K.
- ItemApplications of synthetic polymers in clinical medicine([Stevenage] : IET, 2015) Maitz, Manfred F.Multiple biological, synthetic and hybrid polymers are used for multiple medical applications. A wide range of different polymers is available, and they have further the advantage to be tunable in physical, chemical and biological properties in a wide range to match the requirements of specific applications. This review gives a brief overview about the introduction and developments of polymers in medicine in general, addressing first stable polymers, then polymers with degradability as a first biological function, followed by various other functional and responsive polymers. It is shown up that biomedical polymers comprise not only bulk materials, but also coatings and pharmaceutical nano-carriers for drugs. There is subsequently an overview of the most frequently used polymer classes. The main body of the review then is structured according to the medical applications, where key requirements of the applications and the currently used polymer solutions are indicated.
- ItemMini-Workshop: Singularities in G2-geometry(Zürich : EMS Publ. House, 2015) Haskins, Mark; Weiss, HartmutAll currently known construction methods of smooth compact $\mathrm G_2$-manifolds have been tied to certain singular $\mathrm G_2$-spaces, which in Joyce’s original construction are $\mathrm G_2$-orbifolds and in Kovalev’s twisted connected sum construction are complete G2-manifolds with cylindrical ends. By a slight abuse of terminology we also refer to the latter as singular $\mathrm G_2$-spaces, and in fact both construction methods may be viewed as desingularization procedures. In turn, singular $\mathrm G_2$-spaces comprise a (conjecturally large) part of the boundary of the moduli space of smooth compact $\mathrm G_2$-manifolds, and so their deformation theory is of considerable interest. Furthermore, singular $\mathrm G_2$-spaces are also important in theoretical physics. Namely, in order to have realistic low-energy physics in M-theory, one needs compact singular $\mathrm G_2$-spaces with both codimension 4 and 7 singularities according to Acharya and Witten. However, the existence of such singular $\mathrm G_2$-spaces is unknown at present. The aim of this workshop was to bring reserachers from special holonomy geometry, geometric analysis and theoretical physics together to exchange ideas on these questions.
- ItemMini-Workshop: Deformation Quantization: between formal to strict(Zürich : EMS Publ. House, 2015) Esposito, Chiara; Nest, Ryszard; Waldmann, StefanThe philosophy of deformation was proposed by Bayen, Flato, Fronsdal, Lichnerowicz, and Sternheimer in the seventies and since then, many developments occurred. Deformation quantization is based on such a philosophy in order to provide a mathematical procedure to pass from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics. Basically, it consists in deforming the pointwise product of functions to get a non-commutative one, which encodes the quantum mechanics behaviour. In formal deformation quantization, the non-commutative product (also said, star product) is given by a formal deformation of the pointwise product, i.e. by a formal power series in the deformation parameter which physically play the role of Planck’s constant $\hbar$. From a physical point of view this is clearly not sufficient to provide a reasonable quantum mechanical description and hence one needs to overcome the formal power series aspects in some way. One option is strict deformation quantization, which produces quantum algebras not just in the space of formal power series but in terms of $C$*-algebras, as suggested by Rieffel, with e.g. a continuous dependence on $\hbar$. There are several other options in between continuous and formal dependence on $\hbar$ like analytic or smooth deformations. The Oberwolfach workshop Deformation quantization: between formal to strict consolidated, continued, and extended these research activities with a focus on the study of the connection between formal and strict deformation quantization in their various flavours and their applications in particular those in quantum physics and non-commutative geometry. It brought together specialists in differential geometry, operator algebras, non-commutative geometry, and quantum field theory with research interests in the mentioned quantization procedures. The aim of the workshop was to develop a coherent viewpoint of the many recent diverse developments in the field and to initiate new lines of research.
- ItemDigital Humanities Handbuch(2015-08-12) Hahn, Helene; Kalman, Tibor; Pielström, Steffen; Puhl, Johanna; Kolbmann, Wibke; Kollatz, Thomas; Neuschäfer, Markus; Stiller, Juliane; Tonne, DanahUm das Handbuch möglichst praxisnah zu gestalten, haben wir uns entschieden, zuerst einzelne DH-Projekte vorzustellen, um die Möglichkeiten der DH den Lebringen und ihnen zu zeigen, was in der Praxis in dem Bereich derzeit schon umgesetzt wurde. So zeigen wir in Kapitel 2, wie mit TextGrid Texte editiert und meCodicology Handschriften analysiert werden. Die folgenden drei Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit den drei Säulen, die jedes Projekt in den Digital Humanities trag Methoden und Werkzeuge, und Infrastruktur. Die Kapitel bieten erste Einführungen in die jeweilige Thematik und vermitteln den Lesern an die Praxis angelehntsie in eigenen DH-Projekten anwenden können. Die Kapitel Daten und Alles was Recht ist - Urheberrecht und Lizenzierung von Forschungsdaten weisen in die Grundlage wissenschaftlichen Forschens ein und bieten Hilfestellungen im Umgang mit Lizenzen und Dateiformaten. Das Kapitel Methoden und Werkzeuge ze Digital Humanities auf und verweist beispielhaft auf digitale Werkzeuge, die für die Beantwortung geisteswissenschaftlicher Forschungsfragen herangezogen weKapitel Infrastruktur werden Digitale Infrastrukturen, deren Komponenten und Zielstellungen näher beschrieben. Sie sind unerlässlich, um die digitale Forschunund nachhaltig zu gestalten.
- ItemMini-Workshop: Singular Curves on K3 Surfaces and Hyperkähler Manifolds(Zürich : EMS Publ. House, 2015) Knutsen, Andreas Leopold; Sarti, AlessandraThe workshop focused on Severi varieties on $K3$ surfaces, hyperkähler manifolds and their automorphisms. The main aim was to bring researchers in deformation theory of curves and singularities together with researchers studying hyperkähler manifolds for mutual learning and interaction, and to discuss recent developments and open problems.
- ItemAlgebraic Geometry(Zürich : EMS Publ. House, 2015) Huybrechts, Daniel; Kawamata, Yujiro; Siebert, BerndThe workshop covered a broad variety of areas in algebraic geometry and was the occasion to report on recent advances and works in progress. Special emphasis was put on the role of derived categories and various stability concepts for sheaves, varieties, complexes, etc. The mix of people working in areas like classification theory, mirror symmetry, derived categories, moduli spaces, $p$-adic geometry, characteristic $p$ methods, singularity theory led to stimulating discussions.