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- ItemLarge-scale globally propagating coronal waves(Katlenburg-Lindau : MPS, 2015) Warmuth, AlexanderLarge-scale, globally propagating wave-like disturbances have been observed in the solar chromosphere and by inference in the corona since the 1960s. However, detailed analysis of these phenomena has only been conducted since the late 1990s. This was prompted by the availability of high-cadence coronal imaging data from numerous spaced-based instruments, which routinely show spectacular globally propagating bright fronts. Coronal waves, as these perturbations are usually referred to, have now been observed in a wide range of spectral channels, yielding a wealth of information. Many findings have supported the “classical” interpretation of the disturbances: fast-mode MHD waves or shocks that are propagating in the solar corona. However, observations that seemed inconsistent with this picture have stimulated the development of alternative models in which “pseudo waves” are generated by magnetic reconfiguration in the framework of an expanding coronal mass ejection. This has resulted in a vigorous debate on the physical nature of these disturbances. This review focuses on demonstrating how the numerous observational findings of the last one and a half decades can be used to constrain our models of large-scale coronal waves, and how a coherent physical understanding of these disturbances is finally emerging.
- ItemEdge states and topological insulating phases generated by curving a nanowire with Rashba spin-orbit coupling(College Park : American Physical Society, 2015) Gentile, Paola; Cuoco, Mario; Ortix, CarmineWe prove that curvature effects in low-dimensional nanomaterials can promote the generation of topological states of matter by considering the paradigmatic example of quantum wires with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, which are bent in a nanoscale periodic serpentine structure. The effect of the periodic curvature generally results in the appearance of insulating phases with a corresponding novel butterfly spectrum characterized by the formation of finite measure complex regions of forbidden energies. When the Fermi energy lies in the gaps, the system displays localized end states protected by topology. We further show that for certain superstructure periods the system possesses topologically nontrivial insulating phases at half filling. Our results suggest that the local curvature and the topology of the electronic states are inextricably intertwined in geometrically deformed nanomaterials.
- ItemEndurance of quantum coherence due to particle indistinguishability in noisy quantum networks(London : Nature Publ. Group, 2018) Perez-Leija, Armando; Guzmán-Silva, Diego; León-Montiel, Roberto de J.; Gräfe, Markus; Heinrich, Matthias; Moya-Cessa, Hector; Busch, Kurt; Szameit, AlexanderQuantum coherence, the physical property underlying fundamental phenomena such as multi-particle interference and entanglement, has emerged as a valuable resource upon which modern technologies are founded. In general, the most prominent adversary of quantum coherence is noise arising from the interaction of the associated dynamical system with its environment. Under certain conditions, however, the existence of noise may drive quantum and classical systems to endure intriguing nontrivial effects. In this vein, here we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that when two indistinguishable non-interacting particles co-propagate through quantum networks affected by non-dissipative noise, the system always evolves into a steady state in which coherences accounting for particle indistinguishabilty perpetually prevail. Furthermore, we show that the same steady state with surviving quantum coherences is reached even when the initial state exhibits classical correlations.
- ItemWachstum und Charakterisierung von Seltenerdoxiden und Magnesiumoxid auf Galliumarsenid-Substraten(Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2015) Hentschel, ThomasDie Erzeugung spinpolarisierter Ladungsträger in einem Halbleiter gilt als Grundvoraussetzung zur Realisierung spintronischer Bauelemente. Einen möglichen Ansatz zu deren Realisierung stellen Ferromagnet/Halbleiter(FM/HL)-Hybridstrukturen dar, deren Herstellung jedoch mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist. Durch die Vermischung des ferromagnetischen Materials mit dem Halbleiter werden die elektronischen Eigenschaften der Hybridstruktur verändert und die Spininjektionseffizienz stark verringert. Durch das gezielte Einfügen einer dünnen Oxidschicht in den FM/HL-Grenzübergang kann die Diffusion unterdrückt, die Kristallqualität verbessert und die Effizienz der Struktur erhöht werden. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Wachstum und der Charakterisierung dünner Oxidschichten, hergestellt mittels Molekularstrahlepitaxie. Zwei Seltenerdoxide, La2O3 und Lu2O3, werden auf GaAs-Substraten gewachsen und die Kristallqualität der Schichten miteinander verglichen. Mit der Heusler-Legierung Co2FeSi als Injektorschicht wird eine FM/Oxid/HL-Hybridstruktur auf Basis einer La2O3/GaAs(111)B-Struktur realisiert und magnetisch und elektrisch charakterisiert. Ein häufig verwendetes Barrierenmaterial in FM/HL-Hybridstrukturen ist Magnesiumoxid (MgO). In dieser Arbeit werden dünne MgO-Schichten auf GaAs(001) an der PHARAO-Wachstumsanlage am BESSY II erzeugt. Dies geschieht durch getrenntes Verdampfen von metallischem Mg bzw. Einleiten von molekularem Sauerstoff in die Wachstumskammer. Um die Oxidation des Halbleitersubstrats zu verhindern, wird vor dem MgO-Wachstum eine dünne Mg-Schicht abgeschieden. Abhängig von der Dicke dieser Schicht sind zwei in-plane-Orientierungen des MgO relativ zum GaAs kontrolliert einstellbar. Darüber hinaus werden Hybridstrukturen mit Eisen Fe als Injektorschicht und schrittweise erhöhter MgO-Schichtdicke gewachsen. Die Eindiffusion von Fe in das GaAs-Substrat nimmt mit zunehmender MgO-Schichtdicke um mehrere Größenordnungen ab.
- ItemInfluence of Viscosity in Fluid Atomization with Surface Acoustic Waves(Irvine, CA : Scientific Research Publishing, 2016) Winkler, Andreas; Bergelt, Paul; Hillemann, Lars; Menzel, SiegfriedIn this work, aqueous glycerol solutions are atomized to investigate the influence of the viscosity on the droplet size and the general atomization behavior in a setup using standing surface acoustic waves (sSAW) and a fluid supply at the boundary of the acoustic path. Depending on the fluid viscosity, the produced aerosols have a monomodal or polymodal size distribution. The mean droplet size in the dominant droplet fraction, however, decreases with increasing viscosity. Our results also indicate that the local wavefield conditions are crucial for the atomization process.
- ItemKinematic origin for near-zero energy structures in mid-IR strong field ionization(Bristol : IOP Publ., 2016) Pisanty, Emilio; Ivanov, MishaWe propose and discuss a kinematic mechanism underlying the recently discovered 'near-zero energy structure' in the photoionization of atoms in strong mid-infrared laser fields, based on trajectories which revisit the ion at low velocities exactly analogous to the series responsible for low-energy structures. The different scaling of the new series, as $E\sim {I}_{p}^{2}/{U}_{p}$, suggests that the near-zero energy structure can be lifted to higher energies, where it can be better resolved and studied, using harder targets with higher ionization potential.
- ItemComparative studies of low-intensity short-length arcs(Praha : Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Physics, 2019) Baeva, M.; Siewert, E.; Uhrlandt, D.We present results obtained by two non-equilibrium modelling approaches and experiments on low-intensity short-length arcs in argon at atmospheric pressure. The first one considers a quasi-neutral arc column combined with boundary conditions on the electrodes based on the energy balance in the space-charge sheaths. The second approach applies a unified description over the entire gap and solves the Poisson equation for the self-consistent electric field. The experiments provide the arc voltage.
- Item3D analysis of low-voltage gas-filled DC switch using simplified arc model(Praha : Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Physics, 2019) Gortschakow, S.; Gonzalez, D.; Yu, S.; Werner, F.Electro-magnetic simulations have been used for the visualization of distribution of Lorentz force acting on a DC switching arc in low-voltage contactor. A simplified plasma model (black-box model) was applied for the description of arc conductivity. Arc geometry was gained from the high-speed camera images. Influence of arc position, arc current and of external magnetic field has been studied. Results have been compared with optical observations of the arc dynamics.
- ItemContinuous electroosmotic sorting of particles in grooved microchannels(London : Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2017) Dubov, Alexander L.; Molotilin, Taras Y.; Vinogradova, Olga I.We propose a novel microfluidic fractionation concept suitable for neutrally buoyant micron-sized particles. This approach takes advantage of the ability of grooved channel walls oriented at an angle to the direction of an external electric field to generate a transverse electroosmotic flow. Using computer simulations, we first demonstrate that the velocity of this secondary transverse flow depends on the distance from the wall, so neutrally buoyant particles, depending on their size and initial location, will experience different lateral displacements. We then optimize the geometry and orientation of the surface texture of the channel walls to maximize the efficiency of particle fractionation. Our method is illustrated in a full scale computer experiment where we mimic the typical microchannel with a bottom grooved wall and a source of polydisperse particles that are carried along the channel by the forward electroosmotic flow. Our simulations show that the particle dispersion can be efficiently separated by size even in a channel that is only a few texture periods long. These results can guide the design of novel microfluidic devices for efficient sorting of microparticles.
- ItemSelf-assembly of highly sensitive 3D magnetic field vector angular encoders(Washington : American Association for the Advancement of Science (A A A S), 2019) Becker, C.; Karnaushenko, D.; Kang, T.; Karnaushenko, D.D.; Faghih, M.; Mirhajivarzaneh, A.; Schmidt, O.G.Novel robotic, bioelectronic, and diagnostic systems require a variety of compact and high-performance sensors. Among them, compact three-dimensional (3D) vector angular encoders are required to determine spatial position and orientation in a 3D environment. However, fabrication of 3D vector sensors is a challenging task associated with time-consuming and expensive, sequential processing needed for the orientation of individual sensor elements in 3D space. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of 3D self-assembly to simultaneously reorient numerous giant magnetoresistive (GMR) spin valve sensors for smart fabrication of 3D magnetic angular encoders. During the self-assembly process, the GMR sensors are brought into their desired orthogonal positions within the three Cartesian planes in a simultaneous process that yields monolithic high-performance devices. We fabricated vector angular encoders with equivalent angular accuracy in all directions of 0.14°, as well as low noise and low power consumption during high-speed operation at frequencies up to 1 kHz.