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Characterization of Bathyarchaeota genomes assembled from metagenomes of biofilms residing in mesophilic and thermophilic biogas reactors

2018, Maus, I., Rumming, M., Bergmann, I., Heeg, K., Pohl, M., Nettmann, E., Jaenicke, S., Blom, J., PĆ¼hler, A., SchlĆ¼ter, A., Sczyrba, A., Klocke, M.

Background: Previous studies on the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeota Group, recently assigned to the novel archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota, reported on the dominance of these Archaea within the anaerobic carbohydrate cycle performed by the deep marine biosphere. For the first time, members of this phylum were identified also in mesophilic and thermophilic biogas-forming biofilms and characterized in detail. Results: Metagenome shotgun libraries of biofilm microbiomes were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system. Taxonomic classification revealed that between 0.1 and 2% of all classified sequences were assigned to Bathyarchaeota. Individual metagenome assemblies followed by genome binning resulted in the reconstruction of five metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Bathyarchaeota. MAGs were estimated to be 65-92% complete, ranging in their genome sizes from 1.1 to 2.0 Mb. Phylogenetic classification based on core gene sets confirmed their placement within the phylum Bathyarchaeota clustering as a separate group diverging from most of the recently known Bathyarchaeota clusters. The genetic repertoire of these MAGs indicated an energy metabolism based on carbohydrate and amino acid fermentation featuring the potential for extracellular hydrolysis of cellulose, cellobiose as well as proteins. In addition, corresponding transporter systems were identified. Furthermore, genes encoding enzymes for the utilization of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway were detected. Conclusions: For the members of Bathyarchaeota detected in the biofilm microbiomes, a hydrolytic lifestyle is proposed. This is the first study indicating that Bathyarchaeota members contribute presumably to hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation of organic substrates within biotechnological biogas production processes.

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A Review of Biomass Briquette Binders and Quality Parameters

2022, Obi, Okey Francis, Pecenka, Ralf, Clifford, Michael J.

The adverse effect of the use of fossil fuels on the environment and public health has given rise to a sustained renewable energy research and development. An important component of global renewable energy mix is the use of loose biomass, including agricultural and forestry residues, to produce solid fuels in the form of briquettes. Briquettes play a significant role in bioenergy mix in developing and developed countries. The production of biomass briquettes often entails the collection, transportation, storage, processing, and compaction of loose biomass that meet specific quality parameters. The densification process often involves the addition of binders to improve the cohesive strength of the briquette material. This paper surveys recent literature from 2012 to 2021 to establish the current state of research on the use of binders in briquette production; and reviews current parameters used in assessing the quality of biomass briquettes with focus on mechanical and handling properties. While a number of quality parameters were identified, their assessment methodologies varied widely in the literature, thus necessitating standardization for comparability purposes. The review also includes factors affecting the wide production and adoption of biomass briquettes in most developing economies and proposes ways of overcoming the bottlenecks.

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Role of biogas and biochar palm oil residues for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the biodiesel production

2015, Harsono, Soni Sisbudi, Grundmann, Philipp, Siahaanc, Donald

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which related to palm oil production are tend to increase due to the increasing of palm oil demand and the expansion process of oil palm production worldwide. The specific objective of the study was to assess the contribution of innovative biomass processes as effort to improve the energy balance and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) associated with biodiesel made from palm oil. The GHG was calculated that GHG emission savings up to 63.14% in total. GHG emissions from biochar using empty fruit bunches (EFB) resulted to 2.95% from total GHG emissions, and biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME) produced 74.22% of the total GHG emissions from palm oil based biodiesel production. Innovative technologies and processes for the treatment of by-products can contribute significantly for meeting the emission targets. Build upon the research, resulted to the recommendation to use biochar and capturing methane from POME. The research result was also concerned that emission savings are annulled in the case of land use change (LUC) and oil palm production on peatland. Based on this research resulted to recommended that the utilization of waste from oil palm cultivation on peatland which was disuse and the capturing of methane from POME

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CUDe ā€” Carbon utilization degree as an indicator for sustainable biomass use

2016, Anja Hansen, Anja Hansen, Budde, Jƶrn, Karatay, Yusuf Nadi, Prochnow, Annette

Carbon (C) is a central element in organic compounds and is an indispensable resource for life. It is also an essential production factor in bio-based economies, where biomass serves many purposes, including energy generation and material production. Biomass conversion is a common case of transformation between different carbon-containing compounds. At each transformation step, C might be lost. To optimize the C use, the C flows from raw materials to end products must be understood. The estimation of how much of the initial C in the feedstock remains in consumable products and delivers services provides an indication of the C use efficiency. We define this concept as Carbon Utilization Degree (CUDe) and apply it to two biomass uses: biogas production and hemp insulation. CUDe increases when conversion processes are optimized, i.e., residues are harnessed and/or losses are minimized. We propose CUDe as a complementary approach for policy design to assess C as an asset for bio-based production. This may lead to a paradigm shift to see C as a resource that requires sustainable exploitation. It could complement the existing methods that focus solely on the climate impact of carbon.

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Draft Genome Sequence of a New Oscillospiraceae Bacterium Isolated from Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass

2020, Pascual, Javier, Hahnke, Sarah, Abendroth, Christian, Langer, Thomas, Ramm, Patrice, Klocke, Michael, Luschnig, Olaf, Porcar, Manuel

Here, we present the genome sequence and annotation of the novel bacterial strain HV4-5-C5C, which may represent a new genus within the family Oscillospiraceae (order Eubacteriales). This strain is a potential keystone species in the hydrolysis of complex polymers during anaerobic digestion of biomass. Ā© 2020 Pascual et al.

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Complete Genome Sequence of a New Firmicutes Species Isolated from Anaerobic Biomass Hydrolysis

2017, Abendroth, Christian, Hahnke, Sarah, CodoƱer, Francisco M., Klocke, Michael, Luschnig, Olaf, Porcar, Manuel

A new Firmicutes isolate, strain HV4-6-A5C, was obtained from the hydrolysis stage of a mesophilic and anaerobic two-stage lab-scale leach-bed system for biomethanation of fresh grass. It is assumed that the bacterial isolate contributes to plant biomass degradation. Here, we report a draft annotated genome sequence of this organism. Ā© 2017 Abendroth et al.

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Complete genome sequence of a new Bacteroidaceae bacterium isolated from anaerobic biomass digestion

2020, Hahnke, Sarah, Abendroth, Christian, Pascual, Javier, Langer, Thomas, CodoƱer, Francisco M., Ramm, Patrice, Klocke, Michael, Luschnig, Olaf, Porcare, Manuel

Here, we present the genome sequence and annotation of HV4-6-C5C, a bacterial strain isolated from a mesophilic two-stage laboratory-scale leach bed biogas reactor system. Strain HV4-6-C5C may represent a new genus of the family Bacteroidaceae and may have a key role in acidogenesis and acetogenesis steps during anaerobic biomass digestion. Ā© 2019 Hahnke et al.

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ZielflƤchenorientierte, prƤzise Echtzeit-Fungizidapplikation in Getreide

2015, Dammer, Karl-Heinz, Hamdorf, AndrƩ, Ustyuzhanin, Anton, Schirrmann, Michael, Leithold, Peer, Leithold, Hermann, Volk, Thomas, Tackenberg, Maria

Im Rahmen eines Verbundprojektes wurden Echtzeit-Applikationstechnologien mit berĆ¼hrungslosen Sensoren fĆ¼r prƤzise Fungizid-Spritzungen in Getreide entwickelt. Das Entscheidungshilfe- System proPlant expert.classic bzw. die Internetversion proPlant expert.com (proPlant GmbH) empfiehlt geeignete Fungizide und Dosierungen fĆ¼r ein bestimmtes Infektionsszenario der acht wichtigsten Blatt- und Ƅhrenkrankheiten von Winterweizen. Das Precision- Farming-Modul ā€žFungizidā€œ, welches auf dem Terminal in der Traktorenkabine lƤuft, steuert das prƤzise Spritzverfahren. Das Modul bestimmt die lokale Zielapplikationsmenge wƤhrend des Spritzens durch Nutzung des lokalen Ultraschallsensorwerts als Eingabeparameter. In den Jahren 2013 und 2014 wurden Feldversuche in Winterweizen durchgefĆ¼hrt, um die Beziehung zwischen den Sensorwerten (Ultraschall- und Kamerasensor) und den Pflanzenparametern PflanzenoberflƤche (Leaf Area Index, LAI) sowie Biomasse zu analysieren. Diese sind fĆ¼r einen ƶrtlich angepassten variablen Fungizideinsatz zur Bemessung der Spritzmenge wichtig. Die Messungen wurden mehrmals wƤhrend der Vegetationsperiode an visuell ausgewƤhlten Stichprobenpunkten entsprechend der unterschiedlichen Bestandsdichte durchgefĆ¼hrt. Nach Ƅnderungen an der Sensortechnik konnten fĆ¼r 2014 signifikante lineare Regressionsmodelle zur Beschreibung der Beziehung zwischen den Sensorwerten und den zwei Pflanzenparametern LAI sowie Biomasse gefunden werden.

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Multi-Product Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentations: A Review

2020, Mora-Villalobos, JosĆ© AnĆ­bal, Montero-Zamora, JĆ©ssica, Barboza, Natalia, Rojas-Garbanzo, Carolina, Usaga, Jessie, Redondo-Solano, Mauricio, Schroedter, Linda, Olszewska-Widdrat, Agata, LĆ³pez-GĆ³mez, JosĆ© Pablo

Industrial biotechnology is a continuously expanding field focused on the application of microorganisms to produce chemicals using renewable sources as substrates. Currently, an increasing interest in new versatile processes, able to utilize a variety of substrates to obtain diverse products, can be observed. A robust microbial strain is critical in the creation of such processes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to produce a wide variety of chemicals with high commercial interest. Lactic acid (LA) is the most predominant industrial product obtained from LAB fermentations, and its production is forecasted to rise as the result of the increasing demand of polylactic acid. Hence, the creation of new ways to revalorize LA production processes is of high interest and could further enhance its economic value. Therefore, this review explores some co-products of LA fermentations, derived from LAB, with special focus on bacteriocins, lipoteichoic acid, and probiotics. Finally, a multi-product process involving LA and the other compounds of interest is proposed.

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Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

2021, Phillips, Helen R. P., Bach, Elizabeth M., Bartz, Marie L. C., Bennett, Joanne M., Beugnon, RĆ©my, Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George G., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Guerra, Carlos A., Kƶnig-Ries, Birgitta, LĆ³pez-HernĆ”ndez, Danilo, Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Minamiya, Yukio, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, MorĆ³n-RĆ­os, Alejandro, Motohiro, Hasegawa, Muys, Bart, Krebs, Julia J., Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Mujeeb Rahman, P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, PĆ©rĆØs, GuĆ©nola, PĆ©rez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Ponge, Jean-FranƧois, Prietzel, Jƶrg, Rapoport, Irina B., Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, RodrĆ­guez, Miguel Ɓ., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, Ramirez, Kelly S., van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant, Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schrƶder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Russell, David J., Szlavecz, Katalin, Talavera, JosĆ© Antonio, Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, Uribe-LĆ³pez, Sheila, de ValenƧa, Anne W., Virto, IƱigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Webster, Emily R., Schwarz, Benjamin, Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Wu, Pengfei, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., Eisenhauer, Nico, Wall, Diana H., Brose, Ulrich, DecaĆ«ns, Thibaud, Lavelle, Patrick, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, JĆ©rĆ“me, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Rillig, Matthias C., Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wardle, David A., Ammer, Christian, Ammer, Sabine, Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Baretta, Dilmar, Barkusky, Dietmar, BeausĆ©jour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Brossard, Michel, Burtis, James C., Capowiez, Yvan, Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Choi, Amy, Clause, Julia, Cluzeau, Daniel, Coors, Anja, Crotty, Felicity V., Crumsey, Jasmine M., DĆ”valos, Andrea, CosĆ­n, DarĆ­o J. DĆ­az, Dobson, Annise M., DomĆ­nguez, AnahĆ­, Duhour, AndrĆ©s Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., FernĆ”ndez, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, AndrĆ© L. C., Fusilero, Abegail, Geraskina, Anna P., Gholami, Shaieste, GonzĆ”lez, Grizelle, Gundale, Michael J., LĆ³pez, MĆ³nica GutiĆ©rrez, Hackenberger, Branimir K., Hackenberger, Davorka K., HernĆ”ndez, Luis M., Hirth, Jeff R., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Irmler, Ulrich, Ivask, Mari, JesĆŗs, Juan B., Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L., Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kernecker, Maria L., KonĆ©, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Le Cadre, Edith, Lincoln, Noa K.

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.