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- ItemHybrid materials - past, present and future(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2014) Kickelbick, GuidoHybrid materials represent one of the most growing new material classes at the edge of technological innovations. Unique possibilities to create novel material properties by synergetic combination of inorganic and organic components on the molecular scale makes this materials class interesting for application-oriented research of chemists, physicists, and materials scientists. The modular approach for combination of properties by the selection of the best suited components opens new options for the generation of materials that are able to solve many technological problems. This review will show in selected examples how science and technological driven approaches can help to design better materials for future applications.
- ItemNon-thermal plasma treatment induces MAPK signaling in human monocytes(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2014) Bundscherer, Lena; Nagel, Stefanie; Hasse, Sybille; Tresp, Helena; Wende, Kristian; Walther, Reinhard; Reuter, Stephan; Weltmann, Klaus-Dieter; Masur, Kai; Lindequist, UlrikeThe application of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma raises a hope for the new wound healing strategies. Next to its antibacterial effect it is known to stimulate skin cells. However, monocytes are also needed for the complex process of a wound healing. This study investigates the impact of plasma on the intracellular signaling events in the primary human monocytes. The proliferative MEK-ERK (MAPK/ERK kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway was activated by short plasma treatment times. In contrast, an induction of the apoptotic JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) cascade as well as activation of caspase 3 were observed after long plasma exposure. These findings indicate that monocytes can be differentially stimulated by plasma treatment and may contribute to the proper wound recovery.
- ItemZnO nanoflowers-based photoanodes: aqueous chemical synthesis, microstructure and optical properties(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2016) Wahyuono, Ruri Agung; Schmidt, Christa; Dellith, Andrea; Dellith, Jan; Schulz, Martin; Seyring, Martin; Rettenmayr, Markus; Plentz, Jonathan; Dietzek, BenjaminWe have developed an efficient, low temperature, synthetic route for ZnO nanoflowers (NFs) as photoanode material. This alternative route yields small flowerlike nanostructures, built from densely self-assembled tip-ended rod structures. The obtained ZnO NFs possess a large bandgap of 3.27 - 3.39 eV, enabling the generation of an average open current voltage of 0.56 V. Additionally, they show a high internal light harvesting of 14.6•10-7A-mol-1. The growth mechanism and self-assembly of ZnO NFs were studied in detail by joint spectroscopic-TEM investigations. It is shown that the ZnO crystallite size increases with increasing annealing temperatures and that the stress and the improved crystallinity are induced by annealing and reduce the lattice strain and the dislocation density. The bandgaps of ZnO are affected by the lattice strain revealing an optimal region of lattice strain to gain high bandgap energies. The properties of the synthesized ZnO NFs are compared with other morphologies, i.e. ZnO spherical aggregates (SPs) and ZnO nanorods (NRs), and are tested as electrode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells.
- ItemStudies on the Electrical Behaviour and Removal of Toluene with a Dielectric Barrier Discharge(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2014) Schmidt, Michael; Schiorlin, Milko; Brandenburg, RonnyThis contribution attempts to establish an easy-to-apply non-thermal plasma reactor for efficient toluene removal. Derived from the already established knowledge of the so called Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Stack Reactor a new model reactor was used in this work. The DBD Stack Reactor is a multi-elements reactor but in this work only one stack element was used to investigate the efficiency and efficacy of toluene removal. In case of reliable results the scalability process for industrial application is already well known. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted in dry and wet synthetic air with an admixture of 50 ppm toluene. Along with the toluene removal process the electrical behaviour of the discharge configuration was investigated. It was found that the electrical capacitance of the dielectric barrier changes with variations of the operating voltage. This could be due to the changes in the area of the dielectric barrier which is covered with plasma. Additionally, it was found that the power input into the plasma, at a fixed operating voltage, is proportional to the frequency, which is in agreement with the literature.Regarding the decomposition process, the total removal of toluene was achieved at specific input energy densities of 55 J L-1 under dry conditions and 110 J L-1 under wet conditions. The toluene removal was accompanied by the production of nitric acid (dry conditions) and formic acid (wet conditions). The latter suggested a combination of the plasma reactor with a water scrubber as an approach for total removal of pollutant molecules.
- ItemCrystal structure of bis(1,3-bis[{4-methyl-pyridin-2-yl}amido]-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane)dichromium dichloride, [(C16H24N4OSi2)CrCl]2(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2006) Irrgang, T.; Spannenberg, A.; Kempe, R.C32H48Cl2Cr2N8O2Si=, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 12.416(2) Å, b = 13.668(3) Å, c = 13.172(3) Å, β = 113.83(3)°, V= 2044.8 A3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.052, wRref(F2) = 0.110, T = 200 K. © 2014 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, Rosenheimer Str. 145, 81671 München. All rights reserved.
- ItemNMR studies and crystal structure determinations of CF3 group-containing bieyelie phenolates(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2009) Mamat, C.; Reinke, H.; Langer, P.Three new CF3-substituted bicyclic salicylate derivatives were synthesized by the TiCl4-mediated cyclization of trifluoromethyl- containing ketones with l,3-bis(silyl enol ethers) and characterized by NMR and IR, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of the bicyclic derivatives have been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. All structures exhibit hydrogen bonding. © 2009 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.
- ItemCrystal structure of μ-oxo-bis(σ- 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl) vinylhafnocene) benzene solvate, [C2H{Si(CH3) 3}2Hf(C5H5)2] 2O ·C6H6(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2007) Spannenberg, A.; Beweries, T.; Bach, M.A.; Rosenthal, U.C42H64Hf2OSi4, monoclinic, P121/c1 (no. 14), a = 11.442(1) Å = 9.7998(6) Å, c = 19.827(2) Å, β = 95.229(7)°, V = 2213.9 Å, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.017, wRref(F2)=0.037, T=200K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag,.
- ItemCrystal structure of (η4-cycloocta-1,5-dien)-N-(2- (diphenylphosphinooxy)-3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl)-N-(pentan-3-yl)-1, 1-diphenylphosphinamine-rhodium(I) tetrafluoroborate, [Rh(C8H 12)(C42H43NO2P2)][BF 4](Berlin : de Gruyter, 2007) Dai, Z.; Heller, D.; Preetz, A.; Drexler, H.-J.C50H55BF4NO2P2Rh, monoclinic, P1211 (no. 4), a = 12.722(3) Å, b = 15.248(3) Å, c = 12.818(3) Å, β = 115.80(3)°, V = 2238.7 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.036, wRref(F 2) = 0.079, T = 200 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
- ItemCrystal structures of tribromo(η5-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9,10,11- trimethyl-bicyclo(6.3.0)undeca-4-en-8,10-dienyl)titanium(IV), Ti(C 22H35)Br3, and tribromo(η5-4,5- dibromo-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9,10,11-trimethyl-bicyclo(6.3.0)undeca-8,10-dienyl) titanium(IV), Ti(C22H35Br2)Br3(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2008) Spannenberg, A.; Burlakov, V.V.; Rosenthal, U.C22H35Br3Ti, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.621(2) Å, b = 11.796(2) Å, c = 12.232(2) Å, α = 102.23(3)°, β = 97.71(3)°, γ = 112.32(3)°, V = 1219.2 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.058, wRobs(F 2) = 0.134, T = 293 K. C22H35Br5Ti, monoclinic, P121/n1 (no. 14), a = 7.474(1) Å, b = 18.458(4) Å, c = 20.171(4) Å, β = 100.28(3)°, V= 2738.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.054, wRobs(F 2) = 0.119, T = 293 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenchaftsverlag.
- ItemCrystal structure of (2S,4S,7S)-7,7-dichloro-4-(1-chloro-1-methylethyl)-1- (2,2,2-trichloroethyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, C12H16Cl 6(Berlin : de Gruyter, 2009) Boualy, B.; el Firdoussi, L.; Ali, M.A.; Karim, A.; Spannenberg, A.C12H16Cl6, orthorhombic, P2 12121 (no. 19), a = 6.0742(3) Å, b = 9.7189(6) Å, c = 26.700(1) Å, V = 1576.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.019, wRref(F2) = 0.045, T= 200 K. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.