2006, Danowski, Patrick, Heller, Lambert

Der Begriff Bibliothek 2.0 (bzw. Library 2.0) lehnt sich an die Begrifflichkeit des Web 2.0 an. Beide Begriffe sind für die bibliothekarische Welt relativ neu und werden bisher hauptsächlich im angloamerikanischen Raum diskutiert. Einige Bereiche des „neuen“ Webs werden auch in Deutschland von Bibliothekaren diskutiert, so beispielsweise Weblogs und die Wikipedia. Die Betrachtung sollte hier jedoch nicht enden, sondern vielmehr als Startpunkt dienen. Über den Begriff als solchen kann man sicherlich streiten, jedoch hat er sich als tauglich erwiesen, um bestimmte Veränderungen zu beschreiben. So schreibt Michael Stephens, der den Begriff entscheidend mitprägte, im ALA TechSource Weblog: „I am so pleased with the discussion – and no matter what name you use, I love that the innovations and plans just keep rolling on.“

2007, Danowski, Patrick, Heller, Lambert

Following up their article „Bibliothek 2.0 – Die Zukunft der Bibliothek?“ („Library 2.0 – The future of the library?“) (2006), Patrick Danowski and Lambert Heller, responsible for the main focus of this issue, give an outline of some recently discussed library 2.0 topics, especially in respect to the professional community in germany. Some characteristic questions and problems of the development, opening and networking of library Services and information are mentioned.

2003, Ebeling, Polina, Ehrt, Doris, Friedrich, Manfred

The influence of different modifying cations on the radiation-induced defect generation in metaphosphate glasses was studied by optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. For this task, several model glasses were prepared. These were simple metaphosphates of alkaline earths, aluminum and zinc. The synthesized glass samples were irradiated with X-rays and with UV light from an Xe/Hg lamp. The cation-dependent differences in the structure of the phosphate glasses were found to have a great influence on the concentration of some radiation-induced defects and thus on the optical absorption. The influence of the different cations became especially distinct under UV light Irradiation due to the selective interaction of the UV light with the glass samples. Some additional phenomena were observed for the irradiated zinc and magnesium metaphosphate glasses which were not found by the previously undertaken study of complex phosphate glasses.

2003, Grössler, Jürgen

Electrical heating of forehearth channels can be either indirect with radiant heating elements installed above the glass surface, or direct utilizing immersed electrodes. Two types of heating elements are used, made of either silicon carbide or molybdenum disilicide. Electrodes are normally made of molybdenum, but tin oxide is also used, and platinum alloy may be required for some special applications. Direct electrical heating is also used in forehearths to supplement the traditional gas heating, and can provide a significant improvement in the thermal homogeneity of the glass at the end of the channel. Excellent results can also be obtained with full electrical heating. Whatever type of electrical heating is used, the relevant safety standards must be applied.

2005, Diebold, Steffen M.

Stellt ein Apotheker Arzneimittel, Medizinprodukte oder andere apothekenübliche Waren (z.B. Kosmetika oder Mixturen nach Angaben von Heilpraktikern, Homöopathen oder Anthroposophen) in seiner Offizin selbst her, so haftet er (grundsätzlich) einem dadurch ggf. geschädigten Kunden (auch) nach den Vorschriften des Produkthaftungsgesetzes. Diese Haftung besteht unabhängig vom eigenen Verschulden. Sie greift auch bei der Einfuhr von Arzneimitteln aus Staaten, die nicht zum Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum gehören, sowie bei Import und Abgabe von aus Drittländern eingeführten und im Geltungsbereich des Arzneimittelgesetzes (AMG) nicht zugelassenen Fertigarzneimitteln nach § 73 (3) AMG.

2002, Diebold, Steffen M.

Für die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit von schwer wasserlöslichen Arzneistoffpartikeln spielt die Hydrodynamik an den Partikel-Oberflächen eine große Rolle. Diese ist ihrerseits beeinflußt von der Geometrie und der Oberflächenmorphologie der Partikel. In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass sich zur Charakterisierung dieser Parameter die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (SEM) auch für die Untersuchung von Arzneistoffen gut eignet. Am Beispiel von Felodipin-Kristallen wurde nachgewiesen, dass reale Arzneistoffpulver auch an scheinbar „glatten“ Oberflächen Protrusionen, Kanten und Kavitäten aufweisen. Deren Größenordnungen lassen sich mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikroskopie abschätzen. Die Oberflächenmorphologie von Arzneistoffpartikeln ist ein Kriterium für die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit oral verabreichter Arzneistoffe. Die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie leistet dabei wertvolle Dienste zur Charakterisierung der Oberflächen von Arzneistoffpartikeln.

2004, Raether, Friedrich, Krauß, Manfred

Α novel optical measuring method is described which was used for the density measurement of model samples of glass batch during the melting process. It used a sample volume of some 1000 mm3, which was suffieiently large to suppress single particle effects. Shape changes of batch samples during heating were taken into account by the optical method. Volumetric changes of soda-limesilica glass batch were monitored between room temperature and 1100 °C. Initially a sintering stage was observed showing seif similar reduction in the sample volume. Thereafter, the sample shape approached the equilibrium surface of drops. This was accompanied by a large increase in volume, which was attributed to the formation of gas bubbles within the batch samples. Α strong influence of heating rate and composition on this volume increase was observed.

2009, Krause, Beate, Petzold, Gudrun, Pegel, Sven, Pötschke, Petra

In order to assess the dispersability of carbon nanotube materials, tubes produced under different synthesis conditions were dispersed in aqueous surfactant solutions and the sedimentation behaviour under centrifugation forces was investigated using a LUMiFuge stability analyzer. The electrical percolation threshold of the nanotubes after melt mixing in polyamide 6.6 was determined and the state of dispersion was studied. As a general tendency, the nanotubes having better aqueous dispersion stability showed lower electrical percolation threshold and better nanotube dispersion in the composites. This indicates that the investigation of the stability of aqueous dispersions is also able to give information about the nanotubes inherent dispersability in polymer melts, both strongly influenced by the entanglement and agglomerate structure of the tubes within the as-produced nanotube materials. The shape of the nanotubes in the aqueous dispersions was assessed using a SYSMEX flow particle image analyzer and found to correspond to the shape observed from cryofractured surfaces of the polymer composites. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2004, Wang, Chun, Häfner, Wolfgang, Krausch, Georg, Rädlein, Edda, Tratzky, Stephan, Schramm, Manfred, Martinek, Klaus-Peter

By combining different analytieal techniques, including modern high resolution imaging tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), new phenomena in the surface, near surface and bulk structure of various industrial glasses (without any cleaning process) have been diseovered. Investigations of soda-lime-silica container glass and lead silicate glass tubings exposed to atmospheric and to dried air are presented. The results of the first part of this paper can be explained with an SiO2 rich skin on the glass, which can protect the glass against the attack of external media. If the skin was mechanically injured, inhomogeneous corrosion products on pm scale grew around the injured site after exposure to humid air for times between days up to one year. Microchannels were formed through the injured site due to restricted ion exchange, followed by a local increase of the pH value and consequently the dissolution of the glass network. Finally some stress in the glass, yielded during manufacture, can be partially released and the cutting behaviour is improved. Faster cooling results in a thinner skin and the ions in the glass are able to migrate to the surface more easily when surrounded by some reactive media. Slower cooling results in thicker skin and wax-like droplets instead of erystallites are formed on the surface at a later stage in humid air. The wax-like droplets can etch the glass skin locally, followed by the growth of inhomogeneous corrosion products similar to the injury induced corrosion. If the fresh glass surface was hot-end treated, the quality of the adjacent coating layer depended strongly on the thickness of the skin.

2005, Reeßing, Friedrich, Schötz, Eberhard

[no abstract available]