Browsing by Author "Druet, Pierre-Étienne"
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- ItemAnalysis of cross-diffusion systems for fluid mixtures driven by a pressure gradient(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2019) Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Jüngel, AnsgarThe convective transport in a multicomponent isothermal compressible fluid subject to the mass continuity equations is considered. The velocity is proportional to the negative pressure gradient, according to Darcy?s law, and the pressure is defined by a state equation imposed by the volume extension of the mixture. These model assumptions lead to a parabolic-hyperbolic system for the mass densities. The global-in-time existence of classical and weak solutions is proved in a bounded domain with no-penetration boundary conditions. The idea is to decompose the system into a porous-medium-type equation for the volume extension and transport equations for the modified number fractions. The existence proof is based on parabolic regularity theory, the theory of renormalized solutions, and an approximation of the velocity field.
- ItemAnalysis of improved Nernst-Planck-Poisson models of compressible isothermal electrolytes. Part I: Derivation of the model and survey of the results(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2017) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Gajewski, Paul; Guhlke, ClemensWe consider an improved NernstPlanckPoisson model first proposed by Dreyer et al. in 2013 for compressible isothermal electrolytes in non equilibrium. The model takes into account the elastic deformation of the medium that induces an inherent coupling of mass and momentum transport. The model consists of convectiondiffusionreaction equations for the constituents of the mixture, of the Navier-Stokes equation for the barycentric velocity, and of the Poisson equation for the electrical potential. Due to the principle of mass conservation, crossdiffusion phenomena must occur and the mobility matrix (Onsager matrix) has a kernel. In this paper we establish the existence of a globalintime weak solution for the full model, allowing for a general structure of the mobility tensor and for chemical reactions with highly non linear rates in the bulk and on the active boundary. We characterise the singular states of the system, showing that the chemical species can vanish only globally in space, and that this phenomenon must be concentrated in a compact set of measure zero in time. With respect to our former study [DDGG16], we also essentially improve the a priori estimates, in particular concerning the relative chemical potentials.
- ItemAnalysis of improved Nernst-Planck-Poisson models of compressible isothermal electrolytes. Part II: Approximation and a priori estimates(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2017) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Gajewski, Paul; Guhlke, ClemensWe consider an improved NernstPlanckPoisson model first proposed by Dreyer et al. in 2013 for compressible isothermal electrolytes in non equilibrium. The model takes into account the elastic deformation of the medium that induces an inherent coupling of mass and momentum transport. The model consists of convectiondiffusionreaction equations for the constituents of the mixture, of the Navier-Stokes equation for the barycentric velocity, and of the Poisson equation for the electrical potential. Due to the principle of mass conservation, crossdiffusion phenomena must occur and the mobility matrix (Onsager matrix) has a kernel. In this paper, which continues the investigation of [DDGG17a], we derive for thermodynamically consistent approximation schemes the natural uniform estimates associated with the dissipations. Our results essentially improve our former study [DDGG16], in particular the a priori estimates concerning the relative chemical potentials.
- ItemAnalysis of improved Nernst-Planck-Poisson models of compressible isothermal electrolytes. Part III: Compactness and convergence(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2017) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Gajewski, Paul; Guhlke, ClemensWe consider an improved Nernst-Planck-Poisson model first proposed by Dreyer et al. in 2013 for compressible isothermal electrolytes in non equilibrium. The model takes into account the elastic deformation of the medium that induces an inherent coupling of mass and momentum transport. The model consists of convectiondiffusionreaction equations for the constituents of the mixture, of the Navier-Stokes equation for the barycentric velocity, and of the Poisson equation for the electrical potential. Due to the principle of mass conservation, crossdiffusion phenomena must occur and the mobility matrix (Onsager matrix) has a kernel. In this paper, which continues the investigations of [DDGG17a, DDGG17b], we prove the compactness of the solution vector, and existence and convergence for the approximation schemes. We point at simple structural PDE arguments as an adequate substitute to the AubinLions compactness Lemma and its generalisations: These familiar techniques attain their limit in the context of our model in which the relationship between time derivatives (transport) and diffusion gradients is highly non linear.
- ItemAnalysis of improved Nernst–Planck–Poisson models of compressible isothermal electrolytes(Cham (ZG) : Springer International Publishing AG, 2020) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Gajewski, Paul; Guhlke, ClemensWe consider an improved Nernst–Planck–Poisson model first proposed by Dreyer et al. in 2013 for compressible isothermal electrolytes in non-equilibrium. The elastic deformation of the medium, that induces an inherent coupling of mass and momentum transport, is taken into account. The model consists of convection–diffusion–reaction equations for the constituents of the mixture, of the Navier–Stokes equation for the barycentric velocity and of the Poisson equation for the electrical potential. Due to the principle of mass conservation, cross-diffusion phenomena must occur, and the mobility matrix (Onsager matrix) has a non-trivial kernel. In this paper, we establish the existence of a global-in-time weak solution, allowing for a general structure of the mobility tensor and for chemical reactions with fast nonlinear rates in the bulk and on the active boundary. We characterise the singular states of the system, showing that the chemical species can vanish only globally in space, and that this phenomenon must be concentrated in a compact set of measure zero in time.
- ItemThe classical solvability of the contact angle problem for generalized equations of mean curvature type(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneIn this paper, mean curvature type equations with general potentials and contact angle boundary conditions are considered. We extend the ideas of Ural'tseva, formulating sharper hypotheses for the existence of a classical solution. Corner stone for these results is a method to estimate quantities on the boundary of the free surface. We moreover provide alternative proofs for the higher-order estimates, and for the existence result.
- ItemA curvature estimate for open surfaces subject to a general mean curvature operator and natural contact conditions at their boundary(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2013) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneIn the seventies, L. Simon showed that the main curvatures of two-dimensional hypersurfaces obeying a general equation of mean curvature type are a priori bounded by the Hölder norm of the coefficients of the surface differential operator. This was an essentially interior estimate. In this paper, we provide a complement to the theory, proving a global curvature estimate for open surfaces that satisfy natural contact conditions at the intersection with a given boundary.
- ItemExistence of weak solutions for improved Nernst-Planck-Poisson models of compressible reacting electrolytes(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2016) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Gajewski, Paul; Guhlke, ClemensWe consider an improved Nernst-Planck-Poisson model for compressible electrolytes first proposed by Dreyer et al. in 2013. The model takes into account the elastic deformation of the medium. In particular, large pressure contributions near electrochemical interfaces induce an inherent coupling of mass and momentum transport. The model consists of convection-diffusion-reaction equations for the constituents of the mixture, of the Navier-Stokes equation for the barycentric velocity and the Poisson equation for the electrical potential. Cross-diffusion phenomena occur due to the principle of mass conservation. Moreover, the diffusion matrix (mobility matrix) has a zero eigenvalue, meaning that the system is degenerate parabolic. In this paper we establish the existence of a global-in-time weak solution for the full model, allowing for cross-diffusion and an arbitrary number of chemical reactions in the bulk and on the active boundary.
- ItemGlobal Lipschitz continuity for elliptic transmission problems with a boundary intersecting interface(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe investigate the regularity of the weak solution to elliptic transmission problems that involve two layered anisotropic materials separated by a boundary intersecting interface. Under a compatibility condition for the angle of contact of the two surfaces and the boundary data, we prove the existence of square-integrable second derivatives, and the global Lipschitz continuity of the solution. We show that the second weak derivatives remain integrable to a certain power less than two if the compatibility condition is violated.
- ItemGlobal-in-time existence for liquid mixtures subject to a generalised incompressibility constraint(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2019) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe consider a system of partial differential equations describing diffusive and convective mass transport in a fluid mixture of N > 1 chemical species. A weighted sum of the partial mass densities of the chemical species is assumed to be constant, which expresses the incompressibility of the fluid, while accounting for different reference sizes of the involved molecules. This condition is different from the usual assumption of a constant total mass density, and it leads in particular to a non-solenoidal velocity field in the Navier-Stokes equations. In turn, the pressure gradient occurs in the diffusion fluxes, so that the PDE-system of mass transport equations and momentum balance is fully coupled. Another striking feature of such incompressible mixtures is the algebraic formula connecting the pressure and the densities, which can be exploited to prove a pressure bound in L1. In this paper, we consider incompressible initial states with bounded energy and show the global existence of weak solutions with defect measure.
- ItemGlobal-in-time solvability of thermodynamically motivated parabolic systems(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2017) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneIn this paper, doubly non linear parabolic systems in divergence form are investigated form the point of view of their global-in-time weak solvability. The non-linearity under the time derivative is given by the gradient of a strictly convex, globally Lipschitz continuous potential, multiplied by a position-dependent weight. This weight admits singular values. The flux under the spatial divergence is also of monotone gradient type, but it is not restricted to polynomial growth. It is assumed that the elliptic operator generates some equi-coercivity on the spatial derivatives of the unknowns. The paper introduces some original techniques to deal with the case of nonlinear purely Neumann boundary conditions. In this respect, it generalises or complements the results by Alt and Luckhaus (1983) and Alt (2012). A field of application of the theory are the multi species diffusion systems driven by entropy.
- ItemHigher integrability of the Lorentz force for weak solutions to Maxwell's equations in complex geometries(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2007) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe consider the stationary Maxwell system in a domain filled with different materials. The magnetic permeability being only piecewise smooth, we have to take into account the natural interface conditions for the electromagnetic fields. We present two sets of hypotheses under which we can prove the existence of weak solutions to the Maxwell system such that the Lorentz force jxB is integrable to a power larger than 6/5. This property is important for the investigation of problems in magnetohydrodynamics, with many industrial applications such as crystal growth.
- ItemHigher Lp regularity for vector fields that satisfy divergence and rotation constraints in dual Sobolev spaces, and application to some low-frequency Maxwell equations(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2013) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe show that Lp vector fields over a Lipschitz domain are integrable to higher exponents if their generalized divergence and rotation can be identified with bounded linear operators acting on standard Sobolev spaces. A Div-Curl Lemma-type argument provides compact embedding results for such vector fields. We investigate the regularity of the solution fields for the low-frequency approximation of the Maxwell equations in time-harmonic regime. We focus on the weak formulation in H of the problem, in a reference geometrical setting allowing for material heterogeneities.
- ItemIncompressible limit for a fluid mixture(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2022) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneIn this paper we discuss the incompressible limit for multicomponent fluids in the isothermal ideal case. Both a direct limit-passage in the equation of state and the low Mach-number limit in rescaled PDEs are investigated. Using the relative energy inequality, we obtain convergence results for the densities and the velocity-field under the condition that the incompressible model possesses a sufficiently smooth solution, which is granted at least for a short time. Moreover, in comparison to single-component flows, uniform estimates and the convergence of the pressure are needed in the multicomponent case because the incompressible velocity field is not divergence-free. We show that certain constellations of the mobility tensor allow to control gradients of the entropic variables and yield the convergence of the pressure in L1.
- ItemLocal well-posedness for thermodynamically motivated quasilinear parabolic systems in divergence form(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2017) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe show that fully quasilinear parabolic systems are locally well posed in the Hilbert space scala if the coefficients of the differential operator are smooth enough and the spatial domain is sufficiently regular. In the context of diffusion systems driven by entropy, the uniform parabolicity follows from the second law of thermodynamics.
- ItemMass transport in multicomponent compressible fluids: Local and global well-posedness in classes of strong solutions for general class-one models(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2019) Bothe, Dieter; Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe consider a system of partial differential equations describing mass transport in a multicomponent isothermal compressible fluid. The diffusion fluxes obey the Fick-Onsager or Maxwell- Stefan closure approach. Mechanical forces result into one single convective mixture velocity, the barycentric one, which obeys the Navier-Stokes equations. The thermodynamic pressure is defined by the Gibbs-Duhem equation. Chemical potentials and pressure are derived from a thermodynamic potential, the Helmholtz free energy, with a bulk density allowed to be a general convex function of the mass densities of the constituents. The resulting PDEs are of mixed parabolic-hyperbolic type. We prove two theoretical results concerning the well-posedness of the model in classes of strong solutions: 1. The solution always exists and is unique for short-times and 2. If the initial data are sufficiently near to an equilibrium solution, the well-posedness is valid on arbitrary large, but finite time intervals. Both results rely on a contraction principle valid for systems of mixed type that behave like the compressible Navier- Stokes equations. The linearised parabolic part of the operator possesses the self map property with respect to some closed ball in the state space, while being contractive in a lower order norm only. In this paper, we implement these ideas by means of precise a priori estimates in spaces of exact regularity.
- ItemMathematical modeling of Czochralski type growth processes for semiconductor bulk single crystals(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2012) Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Klein, Olaf; Sprekels, JürgenThis paper deals with the mathematical modeling and simulation of crystal growth processes by the so-called Czochralski method and related methods, which are important industrial processes to grow large bulk single crystals of semiconductor materials such as, e.,g., gallium arsenide (GaAs) or silicon (Si) from the melt. In particular, we investigate a recently developed technology in which traveling magnetic fields are applied in order to control the behavior of the turbulent melt flow. Since numerous different physical effects like electromagnetic fields, turbulent melt flows, high temperatures, heat transfer via radiation, etc., play an important role in the process, the corresponding mathematical model leads to an extremely difficult system of initial-boundary value problems for nonlinearly coupled partial differential equations ...
- ItemMaximal mixed parabolic-hyperbolic regularity for the full equations of multicomponent fluid dynamics(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneWe consider a Navier--Stokes--Fick--Onsager--Fourier system of PDEs describing mass, energy and momentum balance in a Newtonian fluid with composite molecular structure. For the resulting parabolic-hyperbolic system, we introduce the notion of optimal regularity of mixed type, and we prove the short-time existence of strong solutions for a typical initial boundary-value-problem. By means of a partial maximum principle, we moreover show that such a solution cannot degenerate in finite time due to blow-up or vanishing of the temperature or the partial mass densities. This second result is however only valid under certain growth conditions on the phenomenological coefficients. In order to obtain some illustration of the theory, we set up a special constitutive model for volume-additive mixtures.
- ItemMulticomponent incompressible fluids -- An asymptotic study(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2021) Bothe, Dieter; Dreyer, Wolfgang; Druet, Pierre-ÉtienneThis paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of the Helmholtz free energy of mixtures at small compressibility. We start from a general representation for the local free energy that is valid in stable subregions of the phase diagram. On the basis of this representation we classify the admissible data to construct a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model. We then analyze the incompressible limit, where the molar volume becomes independent of pressure. Here we are confronted with two problems: (i) Our study shows that the physical system at hand cannot remain incompressible for arbitrary large deviations from a reference pressure unless its volume is linear in the composition. (ii) As a consequence of the 2nd law of thermodynamics, the incompressible limit implies that the molar volume becomes independent of temperature as well. Most applications, however, reveal the non-appropriateness of this property. According to our mathematical treatment, the free energy as a function of temperature and partial masses tends to a limit in the sense of epi-- or Gamma--convergence. In the context of the first problem, we study the mixing of two fluids to compare the linearity with experimental observations. The second problem will be treated by considering the asymptotic behavior of both a general inequality relating thermal expansion and compressibility and a PDE-system relying on the equations of balance for partial masses, momentum and the internal energy.
- ItemNoncompactness of integral operators modeling diffuse-gray radiation in polyhedral and transient settings(Berlin : Weierstraß-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, 2010) Druet, Pierre-Étienne; Philip, PeterWhile it is well-known that the standard integral operator K of (stationary) diffuse-gray radiation, as it occurs in the radiosity equation, is compact if the domain of radiative interaction is sufficiently regular, we show noncompactness of the operator if the domain is polyhedral. We also show that a stationary operator is never compact when reinterpreted in a transient setting. Moreover, we provide new proofs, which do not use the compactness of K, for 1 being a simple eigenvalue of K for connected enclosures, and for I-(1-e)K being invertible, provided the emissivity e does not vanish identically